ArticleNutrition & metabolism2016
Monitoring for compliance with a ketogenic diet: what is the best time of day to test for urinary ketosis?
Article in Nutrition & metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low carbohydrate ketogenic diets reduce cardiovascular risk factor levels in obese or overweight patients with T2DM: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Ketogenic diets in medical oncology: a systematic review with focus on clinical outcomes.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in the management of metabolic diseases: systematic review and consensus statement from the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE).Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2019Pooled it
- Conversion Bariatric Surgery, Ketogenic Diet, and Intermittent Fasting in Bariatric Surgery Patients with Recurrent Weight Gain: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.Obesity surgery · 2026Trial
- The effect of the ketogenic diet on resistance training load management: a repeated-measures clinical trial in trained participants.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Trial
- The effect of periodic ketogenic diet on newly diagnosed overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Trial
- Effects of a Non-Energy-Restricted Ketogenic Diet on Clinical Oral Parameters. An Exploratory Pilot Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on health parameters in resistance-trained women.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Effects of a ketogenic diet on body composition and strength in trained women.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2020Trial
- Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Cerebral Ketones Detected by 3T MR Spectroscopy in Patients with High-Grade Glioma on an Atkins-Based Diet.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2019Trial
- A Randomized Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial of very Low-Calorie Diet in Overweight Migraine Patients: A Possible Role for Ketones?Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019Trial
- Beyond GLP-1 Agonists: An Adaptive Ketogenic-Mediterranean Protocol to Counter Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity Management.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Anthropometric Trajectories and Dietary Compliance During a Personalized Ketogenic Program.Nutrients · 2025Article
- From starvation to time-restricted eating: a review of fasting physiology.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Clinical research framework proposal for ketogenic metabolic therapy in glioblastoma.BMC medicine · 2024Review
- High-fat diet impact on intestinal cholesterol conversion by the microbiota and serum cholesterol levels.iScience · 2023Article
- Comprehensive nutrient consumption estimation and metabolic profiling during ketogenic diet and relationship with myocardial glucose uptake on FDG-PET.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ketogenic diet (KD) is a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat and adequate-protein diet with no calorie limit that induces a metabolic condition called "physiological ketosis". It was first introduced to treat epilepsy in the 1920s and has become quite popular recently as weight-loss and performance-enhancing diet. Its therapeutic use in a range of diseases is under investigation. During KD interventions people are supposed to monitor compliance with the dietary regimen by daily urine testing for ketosis. However, there are no studies investigating the best time for testing.
findingsTwelve healthy subjects (37 ± 11 years; BMI = 23.0 ± 2.5 kg/m
conclusionsThese results indicate that ketonuria in subjects with stable ketosis is highest and can be most reliably detected in the early morning and post-dinner urine. Recommendations can be given regarding precise time of the day for measuring ketone bodies in urine in future studies with KDs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.