ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Predators catalyze an increase in chloroviruses by foraging on the symbiotic hosts of zoochlorellae.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A giant virus in a small lake: characterization of a new tropical algal virus expands the geographical and genetic diversity of the Brazilian virosphere.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Viral Chemotaxis of Paramecium Bursaria Altered by Algal Endosymbionts.Microbial ecology · 2023Article
- Lessons from Chloroviruses: the Complex and Diverse Roles of Viruses in Food Webs.Journal of virology · 2023Review
- Viral Complexity.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Towards an integrative view of virus phenotypes.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Catalysis of Chlorovirus Production by the Foraging ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Chloroviruses.Viruses · 2019Review
- Chloroviruses Lure Hosts through Long-Distance Chemical Signaling.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Review
- Is the Virus Important? And Some Other Questions.Viruses · 2018Article
- Size-dependent Catalysis of Chlorovirus Population Growth by A Messy Feeding Predator.Microbial ecology · 2018Article
- A Student's Guide to Giant Viruses Infecting Small Eukaryotes: From Acanthamoeba to Zooxanthellae.Viruses · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Virus population growth depends on contacts between viruses and their hosts. It is often unclear how sufficient contacts are made between viruses and their specific hosts to generate spikes in viral abundance. Here, we show that copepods, acting as predators, can bring aquatic viruses and their algal hosts into contact. Specifically, predation of the protist Paramecium bursaria by copepods resulted in a >100-fold increase in the number of chloroviruses in 1 d. Copepod predation can be seen as an ecological "catalyst" by increasing contacts between chloroviruses and their hosts, zoochlorellae (endosymbiotic algae that live within paramecia), thereby facilitating viral population growth. When feeding, copepods passed P. bursaria through their digestive tract only partially digested, releasing endosymbiotic algae that still supported viral reproduction and resulting in a virus population spike. A simple predator-prey model parameterized for copepods consuming protists generates cycle periods for viruses consistent with those observed in natural ponds. Food webs are replete with similar symbiotic organisms, and we suspect the predator catalyst mechanism is capable of generating blooms for other endosymbiont-targeting viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.