ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
The cholinergic forebrain arousal system acts directly on the circadian pacemaker.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of drugs that modify the circadian system's phase-shifting responses to light exposure.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- The sleep-wake cycle: molecular mechanisms, disorders, and therapeutic targets in the context of energy metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Cholinergic basal forebrain neurons regulate vascular dynamics and cerebrospinal fluid flux.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Methylomic and Transcriptomic Responses of the Avian Pineal Gland to Unpredictable Illumination Patterns.Journal of pineal research · 2025Article
- Modification in ICU design may influence circadian serum cholinesterase activities: a proof-of-concept pilot study.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2024Article
- Anesthetic effects on electrophysiological responses across the visual pathway.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Social information as an entrainment cue for the circadian clock.Genetics and molecular biology · 2024Article
- New perspectives on the basal forebrain cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- M3 Receptor Pathway Stimulates Rapid Transcription of the CB1 Receptor Activation through Calcium Signalling and the CNR1 Gene Promoter.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Periodic electroencephalographic discharges and epileptic spasms involve cortico-striatal-thalamic loops on Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Anticipation of Scheduled Feeding in BTBR Mice Reveals Independence and Interactions Between the Light- and Food-Entrainable Circadian Clocks.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Article
- Multi-Modal Regulation of Circadian Physiology by Interactive Features of Biological Clocks.Biology · 2021Review
- Cholinergic modulation of sensory processing in awake mouse cortex.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Natural Cannabinoids as Templates for Sleep Disturbances Treatments.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- The interaction of the circadian and immune system: Desynchrony as a pathological outcome to traumatic brain injury.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2020Review
- Modulation of cholinergic activity through lynx prototoxins: Implications for cognition and anxiety regulation.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- A role for the neuropeptide somatostatin in the neurobiology of behaviors associated with substances abuse and affective disorders.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- Propofol decreases the excitability of cholinergic neurons in mouse basal forebrain via GABAActa pharmacologica Sinica · 2019Article
- Brain Microdialysate Monoamines in Relation to Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Sleep Deprivation - a Systematic Review, Network Meta-analysis, and New Primary Data.Journal of circadian rhythms · 2019Review
- Systemic Injections of Cannabidiol Enhance Acetylcholine Levels from Basal Forebrain in Rats.Neurochemical research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sleep and wake states are regulated by a variety of mechanisms. One such important system is the circadian clock, which provides temporal structure to sleep and wake. Conversely, changes in behavioral state, such as sleep deprivation (SD) or arousal, can phase shift the circadian clock. Here we demonstrate that the level of wakefulness is critical for this arousal resetting of the circadian clock. Specifically, drowsy animals with significant power in the 7- to 9-Hz band of their EEGs do not exhibit phase shifts in response to a mild SD procedure. We then show that treatments that both produce arousal and reset the phase of circadian clock activate (i.e., induce Fos expression in) the basal forebrain. Many of the activated cells are cholinergic. Using retrograde tract tracing, we demonstrate that cholinergic cells activated by these arousal procedures project to the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). We then demonstrate that arousal-induced phase shifts are blocked when animals are pretreated with atropine injections to the SCN, demonstrating that cholinergic activity at the SCN is necessary for arousal-induced phase shifting. Finally, we demonstrate that electrical stimulation of the substantia innominata of the basal forebrain phase shifts the circadian clock in a manner similar to that of our arousal procedures and that these shifts are also blocked by infusions of atropine to the SCN. These results establish a functional link between the major forebrain arousal center and the circadian system.
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