ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2017
Cost effectiveness of case-finding strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a modelling study.
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Economic Research Assessing the Value of Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2023Pooled it
- Case-finding for common mental disorders in primary care using routinely collected data: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- Delivery and impact of the NHS Health Check in the first 8 years: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2018Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of a stepwise cardiometabolic disease prevention program: results of a randomized controlled trial in primary care.BMC medicine · 2021Trial
- Non-laboratory-based cardiovascular risk assessment: 10-year absolute risk, predicted heart age and intervention requirements in a Nigerian population.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Risk thresholds for soft versus hard cardiovascular disease outcome models for initiating statin therapy among Chinese adults: a cost-utility analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Using Polygenic Risk Scores for Prioritizing Individuals at Greatest Need of a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Men and Women Aged Under 50 Years Using Routine Care Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Evaluation of cardiovascular diseases risk calculators for CVDs prevention and management: scoping review.BMC public health · 2022Article
- NHS Health Checks: an observational study of equity and outcomes 2009-2017.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2021Observational
- Modelling tool to support decision-making in the NHS Health Check programme: workshops, systematic review and co-production with users.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- What should selective cardiometabolic prevention programmes in European primary care look like? A consensus-based design by the SPIMEU group.The European journal of general practice · 2019Article
- Article
- Comparing Strategies for Modeling Competing Risks in Discrete-Event Simulations: A Simulation Study and Illustration in Colorectal Cancer.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2019Article
- Future cost-effectiveness and equity of the NHS Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme: Microsimulation modelling using data from Liverpool, UK.PLoS medicine · 2018Article
- NHS health checks: a cross- sectional observational study on equity of uptake and outcomes.BMC health services research · 2018Observational
- The current and potential health benefits of the National Health Service Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme in England: A microsimulation study.PLoS medicine · 2018Article
- Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolicies of active case finding for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in healthy adults are common, but economic evaluation has not investigated targeting such strategies at those who are most likely to benefit.
aimTo assess the cost effectiveness of targeted case finding for CVD prevention. DESIGN AND
settingCost-effectiveness modelling in an English primary care population.
methodA cohort of 10 000 individuals aged 30-74 years and without existing CVD or diabetes was sampled from The Health Improvement Network database, a large primary care database. A discrete-event simulation was used to model the process of inviting people for assessment, assessing cardiovascular risk, and initiation and persistence with drug treatment. Risk factors and drug cessation rates were obtained from primary care data. Published sources provided estimates of uptake of assessment, treatment initiation, and treatment effects. The researchers determined the lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) with opportunistic case finding, and strategies prioritising and targeting patients by age or prior estimate of cardiovascular risk. This study reports on the optimum strategy if a QALY is valued at £20 000.
resultsCompared with no case finding, inviting all adults aged 30-74 years in a population of 10 000 yields 30.32 QALYs at a total cost of £705 732. The optimum strategy is to rank patients by prior risk estimate and invite 8% of those who are assessed as being at highest risk (those at ≥12.76% predicted 10-year CVD risk), yielding 17.53 QALYs at a cost of £162 280. There is an 89.4% probability that the optimum strategy is to invite <35% of patients for assessment.
conclusionAcross all age ranges, targeted case finding using a prior estimate of CVD risk is more efficient than universal case finding in healthy adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.