Observational studyBMJ open2016
Cannabis exposure as an interactive cardiovascular risk factor and accelerant of organismal ageing: a longitudinal study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cannabinoid impacts on ethnic modulation of atrial septal defect prevalence USA.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Space-Time Analysis of Burgeoning US Atrial Septal Defect Rates Driven by Cannabis.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Acute Effects of Cannabis Inhalation on Arterial Stiffness, Vascular Endothelial Function, and Cardiac Function.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Key insights into cannabis-cancer pathobiology and genotoxicity.Addiction biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Cannabis- and Substance-Related Carcinogenesis in Europe: A Lagged Causal Inferential Panel Regression Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2023Article
- Clinical Epigenomic Explanation of the Epidemiology of Cannabinoid Genotoxicity Manifesting as Transgenerational Teratogenesis, Cancerogenesis and Aging Acceleration.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Perturbation of 3D nuclear architecture, epigenomic dysregulation and aging, and cannabinoid synaptopathy reconfigures conceptualization of cannabinoid pathophysiology: part 1-aging and epigenomics.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Perturbation of 3D nuclear architecture, epigenomic aging and dysregulation, and cannabinoid synaptopathy reconfigures conceptualization of cannabinoid pathophysiology: part 2-Metabolome, immunome, synaptome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Epigenomic and Other Evidence for Cannabis-Induced Aging Contextualized in a Synthetic Epidemiologic Overview of Cannabinoid-Related Teratogenesis and Cannabinoid-Related Carcinogenesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Epidemiological Patterns of Cannabis- and Substance- Related Congenital Uronephrological Anomalies in Europe: Geospatiotemporal and Causal Inferential Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Preparedness for healthy ageing and polysubstance use in long-term cannabis users: a population-representative longitudinal study.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2022Article
- European Epidemiological Patterns of Cannabis- and Substance-Related Body Wall Congenital Anomalies: Geospatiotemporal and Causal Inferential Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Lifetime marijuana use and epigenetic age acceleration: A 17-year prospective examination.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 2 - categorical bivariate analysis and attributable fractions.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 3 - spatiotemporal, multivariable and causal inferential pathfinding and exploratory analyses of prostate and ovarian cancers.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Article
- Cannabinoid and substance relationships of European congenital anomaly patterns: a space-time panel regression and causal inferential study.Environmental epigenetics · 2022Article
- Geospatiotemporal and causal inference study of cannabis and other drugs as risk factors for female breast cancer USA 2003-2017.Environmental epigenetics · 2022Article
- Congenital anomaly epidemiological correlates of Δ8THC across USA 2003-16: panel regression and causal inferential study.Environmental epigenetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesMany reports exist of the cardiovascular toxicity of smoked cannabis but none of arterial stiffness measures or vascular age (VA). In view of its diverse toxicology, the possibility that cannabis-exposed patients may be ageing more quickly requires investigation.
designCross-sectional and longitudinal, observational. Prospective.
settingSingle primary care addiction clinic in Brisbane, Australia.
participants11 cannabis-only smokers, 504 tobacco-only smokers, 114 tobacco and cannabis smokers and 534 non-smokers. EXCLUSIONS: known cardiovascular disease or therapy or acute exposure to alcohol, amphetamine, heroin or methadone.
interventionRadial arterial pulse wave tonometry (AtCor, SphygmoCor, Sydney) performed opportunistically and sequentially on patients between 2006 and 2011.
main outcome measureAlgorithmically calculated VA. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: other central haemodynamic variables.
resultsDifferences between group chronological ages (CA, 30.47±0.48 to 40.36±2.44, mean±SEM) were controlled with linear regression. Between-group sex differences were controlled by single-sex analysis. Mean cannabis exposure among patients was 37.67±7.16 g-years. In regression models controlling for CA, Body Mass Index (BMI), time and inhalant group, the effect of cannabis use on VA was significant in males (p=0.0156) and females (p=0.0084). The effect size in males was 11.84%. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated with lifetime exposure (p<0.002) additional to that of tobacco and opioids. In both sexes, the effect of cannabis was robust to adjustment and was unrelated to its acute effects. Significant power interactions between cannabis exposure and the square and cube of CA were demonstrated (from p<0.002).
conclusionsCannabis is an interactive cardiovascular risk factor (additional to tobacco and opioids), shows a prominent dose-response effect and is robust to adjustment. Cannabis use is associated with an acceleration of the cardiovascular age, which is a powerful surrogate for the organismal-biological age. This likely underlies and bi-directionally interacts with its diverse toxicological profile and is of considerable public health and regulatory importance.
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