Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27821278›Full record

ArticleEpidemics2016

Targeting pediatric versus elderly populations for norovirus vaccines: a model-based analysis of mass vaccination options.

Molly K Steele, Justin V Remais, Manoj Gambhir, John W Glasser, Andreas Handel, Umesh D Parashar, Benjamin A Lopman

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Norovirus Infections in Early Life; the PREVAIL Cohort, 2017-2020.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Norovirus Disease Among Children <5 Years in 3 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Findings From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Temporal and Genotypic Associations of Sporadic Norovirus Gastroenteritis and Reported Norovirus Outbreaks in Middle Tennessee, 2012-2016.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Epidemiologic challenges in norovirus vaccine development.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Estimating the Hospital Burden of Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis in England and Its Opportunity Costs for Nonadmitted Patients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Norovirus disease among older adults.Therapeutic advances in infectious disease
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Molly K SteeleEpidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States. Electronic address: molly.steele@emory.edu.
Justin V RemaisEnvironmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
Manoj GambhirEpidemiological Modelling Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne Vic 3004, Australia.
John W GlasserEpidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
Andreas HandelDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
Umesh D ParasharEpidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
Benjamin A LopmanEpidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USMonash University · AUNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · USUniversity of Georgia · US

Funding

Effects of agricultural expansion and intensification on infectionsR01TW010286 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI REMAIS, JUSTIN V, ROHR, JASON ROBERT · 2015 to 2019
$2.4M
Models for improving surveillance of environmentally-mediated infectious diseasesK01AI091864 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI REMAIS, JUSTIN V · 2011 to 2015
$643k
FIC NIH HHS R01 TW010286NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI091864
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNoroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diarrheal disease in the United States. Norovirus vaccine development has progressed in recent years, but critical questions remain regarding which age groups should be vaccinated to maximize population impact.

methodsWe developed a deterministic, age-structured compartmental model of norovirus transmission and immunity in the U.S. POPULATION: The model was fit to age-specific monthly U.S. hospitalizations between 1996 and 2007. We simulated mass immunization of both pediatric and elderly populations assuming realistic coverages of 90% and 65%, respectively. We considered two mechanism of vaccine action, resulting in lower vaccine efficacy (lVE) between 22% and 43% and higher VE (hVE) of 50%.

resultsPediatric vaccination was predicted to avert 33% (95% CI: 27%, 40%) and 60% (95% CI: 49%, 71%) of norovirus episodes among children under five years for lVE and hVE, respectively. Vaccinating the elderly averted 17% (95% CI: 12%, 20%) and 38% (95% CI: 34%, 42%) of cases in 65+ year olds for lVE and hVE, respectively. At a population level, pediatric vaccination was predicted to avert 18-21 times more cases and twice as many deaths per vaccinee compared to elderly vaccination.

conclusionsThe potential benefits are likely greater for a pediatric program, both via direct protection of vaccinated children and indirect protection of unvaccinated individuals, including adults and the elderly. These findings argue for a clinical development plan that will deliver a vaccine with a safety and efficacy profile suitable for use in children.

Indexed as

Mass VaccinationAgedCaliciviridae InfectionsChildHospitalizationHumansNorovirusVaccinationVaccinesVaccinesHerd immunityMathematical modelingNorovirusTransmissionVaccination

Identifiers

PMID27821278
PMCPMC5206891
OpenAlexW2534792231

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.