ArticleHead & face medicine2016
Classification and characterization of class III malocclusion in Chinese individuals.
Article in Head & face medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic factors contributing to skeletal class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Pooled it
- Three Data-Driven Lip Soft-Tissue Phenotypes and Their Dento-Skeletal Associations in Orthodontic Patients: An Exploratory Unsupervised Learning Study.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Center of Resistance for Maxillary Protraction in Patent and Fused Palatal-Suture Configurations: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Geometric morphometrics based diagnostic model for Skeletal Class III patients.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Hard and Soft Tissue in Class III Malocclusion Before and Near-End Orthodontic Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Facial profile attractiveness in orthodontically treated Class III malocclusion patients: a comparison of extraction and non-extraction protocols.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- Use of X means and C4.5 algorithms on lateral cephalometric measurements to identify craniofacial patterns.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of rapid expansion combined with maxillary protraction therapy in patients at different growth phases: A retrospective study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Phenotypic characterization of Class III malocclusion using three-dimensional analysis on a sample of Yemeni population: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Distribution of Sagittal and Vertical Subtypes in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Retrospective Study across Age and Sex Groups :.Galen medical journal · 2025Article
- Is Incisor Compensation Related to Skeletal Discrepancies in Skeletal Class III? A Retrospective Cephalometric Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of eruption guidance appliance in the early treatment of Class III malocclusion.The Angle orthodontist · 2024Article
- Evaluation of three-dimensional reconstructed palatal morphology in skeletal class III subjects with different vertical patterns using cone beam computed tomography.Head & face medicine · 2024Article
- East Asian and Southern European craniofacial class III phenotype: two sides of the same coin?Clinical oral investigations · 2024Review
- Three-dimensional phenotype characteristics of skeletal class III malocclusion in adult Chinese: a principal component analysis-based cluster analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Multi-disciplinary treatment of maxillofacial skeletal deformities by orthognathic surgery combined with periodontal phenotype modification: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Comparison of alveolar bone width and sagittal tooth angulation of maxillary central incisors in Class I and Class III canine relationships: a retrospective study using CBCT.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Development of a new category system for the profile morphology of temporomandibular disorders patients based on cephalograms using cluster analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Sub-clustering in skeletal class III malocclusion phenotypes via principal component analysis in a southern European population.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Novel Sub-Clustering of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Phenotypes in a Southern European Population Based on Proportional Measurements.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClass III malocclusion is a maxillofacial disorder that is characterised by a concave profile and can be attributed to both genetic inheritance and environmental factors. It is a clinical challenge due to our limited understanding of its aetiology. Revealing its prototypical diversity will contribute to our sequential exploration of the underlying aetiological information. The objective of this study was to characterize phenotypic variations of Class III malocclusion via a lateral cephalometric analysis in a community of Chinese individuals.
methodOne-hundred-and-forty-four individuals (58 males ≥18 and 86 females ≥16) with Class III malocclusion ranging from mild to severe were enrolled in this study. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed using 61 lateral cephalometric measurements.
resultsSix principal components were discovered in the examined population and were responsible for 73.7 % of the variability. Four subtypes were revealed by cluster analysis. Subtype 1 included subjects with mild mandibular prognathism with a steep mandibular plane. Subjects in subtype 2 showed a combination of prognathic mandibular and retrusive maxillary with a flat or normal mandibular plane. Subtype 3 included individuals with purely severe mandibular prognathism and a normal mandibular plane. Individuals in subtype 4 had a mild maxillary deficiency and severe mandibular prognathism with the lowest mandibular plane angle.
conclusionThe six principal components extracted among the 61 variables improve our knowledge of lateral cephalometric analysis for diagnoses. We successfully identified four Class III malocclusion subtypes, indicating that cluster analysis could supplement the classification of Class III malocclusion among a Chinese population and may assist in our on-going genetic study.
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