ArticleBMC ophthalmology2016
Ocular findings in patients with spastic type cerebral palsy.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Types of Strabismus in Cerebral Palsy: A Global and Historical Perspective Based on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Prevalence and types of strabismus in cerebral palsy: A global and historical perspective based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Article
- Ocular morbidity and co-morbidities in children attending a nodal district early intervention center in Uttar Pradesh.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Age-Related Effects on the Spectrum of Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children With Cerebral Palsy.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Human visual skills for brain-computer interface use: a tutorial.Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology · 2020Review
- Beyond the eye: Cortical differences in primary visual processing in children with cerebral palsy.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Article
- Visual impairment in children with cerebral palsy: Croatian population-based study for birth years 2003-2008.Croatian medical journal · 2019Article
- Understanding low functioning cerebral visual impairment: An Indian context.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2019Review
- Considerations for Testing and Treating Children with Central Vestibular Impairments.Seminars in hearing · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRefractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, and cortical visual impairment are observed in 50 to 90 % of patients with cerebral palsy. Ocular abnormalities are known to differ according to cerebral palsy type, and spastic type has been reported to be more likely to be associated with ocular defects than the athetoid and ataxic types.
methodsA retrospective review of medical records was performed on 105 consecutive children with spastic type of cerebral palsy who underwent ophthalmologic examination between July 2003 and March 2006. The complete ophthalmological examination included measurement of visual acuity, ocular motility, stereoacuity, binocular vision, cycloplegic refraction along with the evaluation of the anterior segment and the posterior segment.
resultsThe most common ocular abnormality was strabismus (70.5 %) followed by refractive errors (53.3 %). Exodeviation was more commonly found than esodeviation (46 vs 27 patients), and hyperopia was much more prevalent than myopia. A considerable number of patients with strabismus had abnormal ocular motility wherein 16 patients showed inferior oblique overaction and ten superior oblique overaction. Whereas inferior oblique overaction was accompanied similarly in exotropia and esotropia, superior oblique overaction was accompanied more by exotropia.
conclusionsChildren with spastic type cerebral palsy have a high prevalence of strabismus and refractive errors. Exotropia and hyperopia are the most common ocular abnormalities. All children with spastic type of cerebral palsy may require a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation.
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