ArticleOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2017
Seasonal Effect on Ocular Sun Exposure and Conjunctival UV Autofluorescence.
Article in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence: A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting Observed Ocular Damage.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence as a biomarker of outdoor exposure in myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Validation of a Portable Tool for Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence Imaging.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- More sun, less myopia: validating CUVAF as a biomarker for outdoor exposure in a cohort of Spanish schoolchildren.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Objective Biomarkers of Outdoor Activity (Vitamin D and CUVAF) in Young Adults with Myopia During and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Could Children's Myopization Have Been Avoided during the Pandemic Confinement? The Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence (CUVAF) Biomarker as an Answer.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence as a biomarker of outdoor time in myopic children.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The association between conjunctival and scleral thickness and ocular surface ultraviolet autofluorescence.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Toxic External Exposure Leading to Ocular Surface Injury.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Young Adults: Review of Findings From the Raine Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Photobiomodulation of the Visual System and Human Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2018Article
- Oxidative Stress Measures of Lipid and DNA Damage in Human Tears.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate feasibility and repeatability of measures for ocular sun exposure and conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF), and to test for relationships between the outcomes.
methodsFifty volunteers were seen for two visits 14 ± 2 days apart. Ocular sun exposure was estimated over a 2-week time period using questionnaires that quantified time outdoors and ocular protection habits. Conjunctival UVAF was imaged using a Nikon D7000 camera system equipped with appropriate flash and filter system; image analysis was done using ImageJ software. Repeatability estimates were made using Bland-Altman plots with mean differences and 95% limits of agreement calculated. Non-normally distributed data was transformed by either log10 or square root methods. Linear regression was conducted to evaluate relationships between measures.
resultsMean (±SD) values for ocular sun exposure and conjunctival UVAF were 8.86 (±11.97) hours and 9.15 (±9.47) mm, respectively. Repeatability was found to be acceptable for both ocular sun exposure and conjunctival UVAF. Univariate linear regression showed outdoor occupation to be a predictor of higher ocular sun exposure; outdoor occupation and winter season of collection both predicted higher total UVAF. Furthermore, increased portion of day spent outdoors while working was associated with increased total conjunctival UVAF.
conclusionsWe demonstrate feasibility and repeatability of estimating ocular sun exposure using a previously unreported method and for conjunctival UVAF in a group of subjects residing in Ohio. Seasonal temperature variation may have influenced time outdoors and ultimately calculation of ocular sun exposure. As winter season of collection and outdoor occupation both predicted higher total UVAF, our data suggests that ocular sun exposure is associated with conjunctival UVAF and, possibly, that UVAF remains for at least several months after sun exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.