ArticlePain2016
Cross-centre replication of suppressed burrowing behaviour as an ethologically relevant pain outcome measure in the rat: a prospective multicentre study.
Article in Pain, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Grimace scale, burrowing, and nest building for the assessment of post-surgical pain in mice and rats-A systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Behavioral assessment of pain in rodents: advances from evoked responses to spontaneous states and multimodal approaches.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Burrowing behavior is a potential non-invasive proxy for lesion development in a syngeneic murine model of endometriosis.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- WERF Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project for Experimental Models in Endometriosis Research (EPHect-EM-Pain): methods to assess pain behaviour in rodent models of endometriosis.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Review
- Favorable pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles make carprofen an attractive analgesic for subcutaneous injection and oral self-administration in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Quantification of stimulus-evoked tactile allodynia in free moving mice by the chainmail sensitivity test.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Review of Rat (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Severity Assessment in Rats Undergoing Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induction by Endovascular Perforation or Corresponding Sham Surgery.European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes · 2023Article
- Article
- Nonopioid analgesics discovery and the Valley of Death: EMA401 from concept to clinical trial.Pain · 2022Article
- Identification of Altered Evoked and Non-Evoked Responses in a Heterologous Mouse Model of Endometriosis-Associated Pain.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Mechanical Conflict-Avoidance Assay to Measure Pain Behavior in Mice.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Development of behavioral patterns in young C57BL/6J mice: a home cage-based study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Acute effects of radiation treatment to submental muscles on burrowing and swallowing behaviors in a rat model.PloS one · 2022Article
- Antinociceptive Effects of Kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonists.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Review
- The history of pain measurement in humans and animals.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Internal consistency and compatibility of the 3Rs and 3Vs principles for project evaluation of animal research.Laboratory animals · 2021Review
- Infrared radiation from cage bedding moderates rat inflammatory and autoimmune responses in collagen-induced arthritis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Burrowing, an ethologically relevant rodent behaviour, has been proposed as a novel outcome measure to assess the global impact of pain in rats. In a prospective multicentre study using male rats (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley), replication of suppressed burrowing behaviour in the complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced model of inflammatory pain (unilateral, 1 mg/mL in 100 µL) was evaluated in 11 studies across 8 centres. Following a standard protocol, data from participating centres were collected centrally and analysed with a restricted maximum likelihood-based mixed model for repeated measures. The total population (TP-all animals allocated to treatment; n = 249) and a selected population (SP-TP animals burrowing over 500 g at baseline; n = 200) were analysed separately, assessing the effect of excluding "poor" burrowers. Mean baseline burrowing across studies was 1113 g (95% confidence interval: 1041-1185 g) for TP and 1329 g (1271-1387 g) for SP. Burrowing was significantly suppressed in the majority of studies 24 hours (7 studies/population) and 48 hours (7 TP, 6 SP) after CFA injections. Across all centres, significantly suppressed burrowing peaked 24 hours after CFA injections, with a burrowing deficit of -374 g (-479 to -269 g) for TP and -498 g (-609 to -386 g) for SP. This unique multicentre approach first provided high-quality evidence evaluating suppressed burrowing as robust and reproducible, supporting its use as tool to infer the global effect of pain on rodents. Second, our approach provided important informative value for the use of multicentre studies in the future.
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Registered trials
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