ArticleScientific reports2016
Protective effect of Cl-amidine against CLP-induced lethal septic shock in mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic mechanisms of Immune remodeling in sepsis: targeting histone modification.Cell death & disease · 2023Pooled it
- Dual Targeting of Net Formation and Coagulation Improves Survival and Organ Protection in Experimental Sepsis.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Histone Lactylation in Immune Cells and Its Predictive Role in Sepsis Progression: A Prospective Observational Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
- Peptidylarginine Deiminases: An Overview of Recent Advances in Citrullination Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cell-free DNA in sepsis: from molecular insights to clinical management.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- CitH3, a Druggable Biomarker for Human Diseases Associated with Acute NETosis and Chronic Immune Dysfunction.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Placental Protein Citrullination Signatures Are Modified in Early- and Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- S100A8/S100A9 through PAD4 activation of neutrophil extracellular traps promotes granulomatous lobular mastitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- An overview of the mechanisms and potential roles of extracellular vesicles in septic shock.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Liang-Ge Decoction Ameliorates Coagulation Dysfunction in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Model Rats through Inhibiting PAD4-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2023Article
- Inhibition of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation by Cl-Amidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis and Uterine Tissue Damage.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Novel antiviral activity of PAD inhibitors against human beta-coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2.Antiviral research · 2022Article
- Forsythiaside B ameliorates coagulopathies in a rat model of sepsis through inhibition of the formation of PAD4-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Synergistic effect of GF9 and streptomycin on relieving gram-negative bacteria-induced sepsis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Neutrophil extracellular trap inhibition increases inflammation, bacteraemia and mortality in murine necrotizing enterocolitis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Observational
- NETosis in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury following cutaneous chemical burns.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Article
- Circulating CitH3 Is a Reliable Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Septic Patients in Acute Pancreatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 in Host Immunity: Current Insights and Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Production of innate and adaptive immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells, and maturation of T lymphocytes are effective immune responses to fight severe microbial infection. In sepsis, this emergency myelopoiesis is damaged, leading to failure of bacterial clearance, and excessive stress-induced steroids cause immature T-lymphocyte apoptosis in thymus. We recently found that Cl-amidine, a peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor, improves survival in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic shock. In the present study we investigated how Cl-amidine promotes survival, focusing on protective effects of Cl-amidine on immune response. We confirmed survival-improving effect of Cl-amidine and are the first to explore the role of Cl-amidine in immune response. CLP caused bone marrow (BM) and thymus atrophy, decreased innate immune cells in BM. CLP increased levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and bacteria load in blood/liver. In primary splenocyte culture, lipopolysaccharide increased TNF-α production. In contrast, Cl-amidine attenuated these CLP and lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations. Moreover, Cl-amidine increased circulating monocytes. Collectively, our results demonstrate Cl-amidine plays protective roles by significantly decreasing BM and thymus atrophy, restoring innate immune cells in BM, increasing blood monocytes and blood/liver bacteria clearance, and attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine production in a murine model of lethal sepsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.