Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27819046›Full record

ArticleScience advances2016

Constructing 3D heterogeneous hydrogels from electrically manipulated prepolymer droplets and crosslinked microgels.

Min-Yu Chiang, Yao-Wen Hsu, Hsin-Yi Hsieh, San-Yuan Chen, Shih-Kang Fan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

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  5. Reversible Design of Dynamic Assemblies at Small Scales.Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Min-Yu ChiangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-9561-1554
Yao-Wen HsuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-3488-5025
Hsin-Yi HsiehDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
San-Yuan ChenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Shih-Kang FanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.; Center of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Formation of multifunctional, heterogeneous, and encoded hydrogel building blocks, or microgels, by crosslinking and assembly of microgels are two essential steps in establishing hierarchical, complicated, and three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel architectures that recapitulate natural and biological structures or originate new materials by design. However, for the variety of the hydrogel materials crosslinked differently and for the varied scales of microgels and architectures, the formation and assembly processes are usually performed separately, which increases the manufacturing complexity of designed hydrogel materials. We show the construction of hydrogel architectures through programmable formation and assembly on an electromicrofluidic platform, adopting two reciprocal electric manipulations (electrowetting and dielectrophoresis) to manipulate varied objects (i) in multiple phases, including prepolymer liquid droplets and crosslinked microgels, (ii) on a wide range of scales from micrometer functional particles or cells to millimeter-assembled hydrogel architectures, and (iii) with diverse properties, such as conductive and dielectric droplets that are photocrosslinkable, chemically crosslinkable, or thermally crosslinkable. Prepolymer droplets, particles, and dissolved molecules are electrically addressable to adjust the properties of the microgel building blocks in liquid phase that subsequently undergo crosslinking and assembly in a flexible sequence to accomplish heterogeneous and seamless hydrogel architectures. We expect the electromicrofluidic platform to become a general technique to obtain 3D complex architectures.

Indexed as

dielectrophoresiselectrowettingHydrogelmicrofluidics

Identifiers

PMID27819046
PMCPMC5091359

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.