ArticleReports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology
Why do we need irradiation of internal mammary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer: Analysis of lymph flow and radiotherapy studies.
Article in Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Physical Exercise and the use of Doxorubicin on Cardiac Function in Rodents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Survival Analysis of Radiotherapy for Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes After Modified Radical Mastectomy for TBreast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- The Sentinel Lymph Node in Treatment Planning: A Narrative Review of Lymph-Flow-Guided Radiotherapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients based on anatomical imaging and functional imaging.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Review
- Atlas of sentinel lymph nodes in early breast cancer using single-photon emission computed tomography: implication for lymphatic contouring.Radiation oncology journal · 2021Article
- Postmastectomy radiotherapy using three different techniques: a retrospective evaluation of the incidental dose distribution in the internal mammary nodes.Cancer management and research · 2019Article
- Lymph flow guided irradiation of regional lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer: Preliminary analysis of scintigraphic data.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation OncologyArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimUsing clinical data and results of lymphoscintigraphy to calculate probability of internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) invasion by breast cancer (BC). To evaluate clinical value of lymphoscintigraphy as the guide for irradiation of IMLN.
methodsUsing the data of eight published studies that analyzed lymph flow from primary BC (4541pts) after intra-peri-tumoral injection of nanosized 99mTc-colloids we determined probability of lymph-flow from internal-central and external BC to IMLN. In 7 studies (4359pts) axillary staging was accompanied by IMLN biopsy (911pts) that helped us to estimate probability of IMLN metastatic invasion in relation to the status of axillary LN. Finally, we estimated probability of IMLN invasion by BC in five randomized and observation studies that analyzed effect of IMLN irradiation on overall survival (OS). We calculated possible gain in survival if they would be treated according to lymph-flow guided radiotherapy to IMLN.
resultsLymph-flow from internal/central BC to IMLN was mentioned in 35% from external lesions - in 16% cases. In women with negative axillary LN metastases in IMLN were revealed in 7.8%pts, in the case of positive axillary nodes average risk of IMLN invasion increased to 38.1%. Calculated probability of IMLN metastatic invasion in pts included in evaluated trials did not exceed 10%. If lymphoscintigraphy would drive decision about irradiation of IMLN than 72-78% of pts included in these studies would escape radiotherapy to IMLN. In the remaining 21-28%pts with lymph-flow to IMLN their irradiation probably would increase gain in OS from 1.0-3.3% to 4.3-16.8%.
conclusionLymphoscintigraphy can be used to optimize the strategy of IMLN irradiation.
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