ArticleCell systems2016
Shotgun Metagenomics of 250 Adult Twins Reveals Genetic and Environmental Impacts on the Gut Microbiome.
Article in Cell systems, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 369 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative metagenomic analysis reveals distinct gut microbial signatures related to obesity.BMC microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of gut microbiome modulation on muscle function and cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals.Nature medicine · 2021Trial
- Molecular Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota-Immune System Crosstalk: From Mucosal Architecture to Adaptive Immunity Programming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Identifying Antibiotic Effects of Investigational Drugs on Commensal Bacteria with Machine Learning.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Article
- Complex adaptive architectures constrain the pace of adaptations sweeping across human gut microbiomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Uniform bacterial genetic diversity along the gut.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ensemble test for microbiome data.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Types and characteristics of shared microbiota within families of ethnic minorities in Inner Mongolia.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- The ketogenic diet alters microbiome-metabolome profiles to improve West syndrome therapy.Pediatric investigation · 2026Article
- Deciphering the personalized functional redundancy hierarchy in the gut microbiome.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Large-scale classification of metagenomic samples: a comparative analysis of classical machine learning techniques vs a novel brain-inspired hyperdimensional computing approach.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome, stress and interventional strategies using hardy animals.Future science OA · 2025Review
- Association Between Ocular Microbiomes of Children and Their Siblings and Parents.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Observational
- Pooled analysis of 3,741 stool metagenomes from 18 cohorts for cross-stage and strain-level reproducible microbial biomarkers of colorectal cancer.Nature medicine · 2025Article
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been typically viewed as an environmental factor for human health. Twins are well suited for investigating the concordance of their gut microbiomes and decomposing genetic and environmental influences. However, existing twin studies utilizing metagenomic shotgun sequencing have included only a few samples. Here, we sequenced fecal samples from 250 adult twins in the TwinsUK registry and constructed a comprehensive gut microbial reference gene catalog. We demonstrate heritability of many microbial taxa and functional modules in the gut microbiome, including those associated with diseases. Moreover, we identified 8 million SNPs in the gut microbiome and observe a high similarity in microbiome SNPs between twins that slowly decreases after decades of living apart. The results shed new light on the genetic and environmental influences on the composition and function of the gut microbiome that could relate to risk of complex diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.