Observational studyAnnals of epidemiology2016
Low maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration increases the risk of severe and mild preeclampsia.
Observational study in Annals of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes: results from a quantitative umbrella meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D levels in early and middle pregnancy and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D Levels in Early and Middle Pregnancy and Preeclampsia, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency during late pregnancy mediates placenta-associated complications.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing Pre-Eclampsia: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Expression of the immune checkpoint molecules CD226 and TIGIT in preeclampsia patients.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota interacting with vitamin D but not anandamide might contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia: a preliminary study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Review: Influence of 25(OH)D Blood Concentration and Supplementation during Pregnancy on Preeclampsia Development and Neonatal Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Impact of vitamin D on maternal and fetal health: A review.Food science & nutrition · 2022Review
- Serum Vitamin D Concentrations, Time to Pregnancy, and Pregnancy Outcomes among Preconception Couples: A Cohort Study in Shanghai, China.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2022Review
- Review
- Associations between maternal vitamin D status during three trimesters and cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations in newborns: a prospective Shanghai birth cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- The correlation between neonatal vitamin D levels and the risk of childhood asthma attacks.Translational pediatrics · 2021Article
- Article
- Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Asthma in Childhood: Results from the D-Tect Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Alterations of Several Serum Parameters Are Associated with Preeclampsia and May Be Potential Markers for the Assessment of PE Severity.Disease markers · 2020Article
- Changes in vitamin D status considering hemodilution factors in Japanese pregnant women according to trimester: A longitudinal survey.PloS one · 2020Article
- Evaluation of vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone, and calcium among Iranian pregnant women with preeclampsia: A case-control study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2019Article
- Abnormal expression and clinical significance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and sFlt-1 in patients with preeclampsia.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this case-cohort study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and preeclampsia overall and by severity.
methodsFrom an eligible cohort of 12,861 women who had serum banked from aneuploidy screening in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1999 to 2010, we randomly sampled a subcohort of 2327 pregnancies and all remaining preeclampsia cases (n = 650 cases). Preeclampsia (defined as new-onset hypertension and proteinuria) and its mild and severe forms were identified using ICD-9 codes. Maternal serum collected at 20 weeks or less gestation was measured for 25(OH)D. We used log-binomial regression with restricted cubic splines to estimate the association between 25(OH)D and preeclampsia after adjusting for confounders.
resultsApproximately 21% of the randomly selected sample had 25(OH)D less than 50 nmol per L. We found that the adjusted risk of preeclampsia declined as serum 25(OH)D increased to 50 nmol per L and then plateaued (test of nonlinearity P < .05). The adjusted preeclampsia risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 25(OH)D less than 25 nmol per L, 25 to 49.9 nmol per L, and 50 to 74.9 nmol per L were 2.4 (1.2-4.8), 1.1 (0.69-1.7), and 1.3 (0.89-1.8), respectively, compared with those with 25(OH)D 75 nmol per L and over. Similar associations were observed with severe and mild preeclampsia.
conclusionsVitamin D deficiency increases risks of severe and mild forms of preeclampsia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.