SynthesisBMC psychiatry2016
Insomnia and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 298 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
298 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 592 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risks Associated With Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use in Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and (Network) Meta-Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Mobile Health-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Food-derived dihydromyricetin and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Association between night shift work and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of single-component sleep restriction therapy on depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between insomnia and cardiovascular diseases: a meta-review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the Role of Mobile Apps for Insomnia in Depression: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide association studies and cross-population meta-analyses investigating short and long sleep duration.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Relationship between night-sleep duration and risk for depression among middle-aged and older people: A dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of Sleep Problems Among Chinese Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Daytime naps and depression risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- The effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia based intervention to improve sleep quality in nursing home residents, a cluster randomised controlled trial.European geriatric medicine · 2026Trial
- Acupuncture with the Sancai Acupoint Matching Method for Primary Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Trial
- Emotional Processing Following Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in People With Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Combining Ozonated Autohemotherapy with Pharmacological Therapy for Comorbid Insomnia and Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.Pain research & management · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Interpretable machine learning for depression symptom classification in NHANES: Performance in a curated high-confidence corpus and the full survey population.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Examining the Directional Effects of Insomnia, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms: Results From a Longitudinal Study Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
238 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObservational studies suggest that insomnia might be associated with an increased risk of depression with inconsistent results. This study aimed at conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to evaluate the association between insomnia and the risk of depression.
methodsRelevant cohort studies were comprehensively searched from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (up to October 2014) and from the reference lists of retrieved articles. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The I
resultsThirty-four cohort studies involving 172,077 participants were included in this meta-analysis with an average follow-up period of 60.4 months (ranging from 3.5 to 408). Statistical analysis suggested a positive relationship between insomnia and depression, the pooled RR was 2.27 (95 % CI: 1.89-2.71), and a high heterogeneity was observed (I
conclusionsThis meta-analysis indicates that insomnia is significantly associated with an increased risk of depression, which has implications for the prevention of depression in non-depressed individuals with insomnia symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.