Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27816000›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials2017

Protease-degradable microgels for protein delivery for vascularization.

Greg A Foster, Devon M Headen, Cristina González-García, Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez, Haval Shirwan, Andrés J García

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. Biodegradable Medical Implants: Reshaping Future Medical Practice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Biofabrication and Characterization of Vascularizing PEG-Norbornene Microgels.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Greg A FosterWoodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Devon M HeadenWoodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Cristina González-GarcíaWoodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Manuel Salmerón-SánchezWoodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Haval ShirwanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Andrés J GarcíaWoodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: andres.garcia@me.gatech.edu.
Georgia Institute of Technology · USUniversity of Glasgow · GBUniversity of Louisville · US

Funding

Innovation & Leadership in Engineering Technologies and Therapies for DiabetesT90DK097787 · NIDDK · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BABENSEE, JULIA E · 2012 to 2017
$621k
IVIS Spectrum in vivo Imaging SystemS10OD016264 · OD · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GARCIA, ANDRES J · 2015 to 2015
$595k
Immuno-vasculogenic hydrogels for islet engraftment and localized toleranceR21EB020107 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI GARCIA, ANDRES J, SHIRWAN, HAVAL · 2015 to 2016
$418k
NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB020107NIDDK NIH HHS T90 DK097787NIH HHS S10 OD016264
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Degradable hydrogels to deliver bioactive proteins represent an emerging platform for promoting tissue repair and vascularization in various applications. However, implanting these biomaterials requires invasive surgery, which is associated with complications such as inflammation, scarring, and infection. To address these shortcomings, we applied microfluidics-based polymerization to engineer injectable poly(ethylene glycol) microgels of defined size and crosslinked with a protease degradable peptide to allow for triggered release of proteins. The release rate of proteins covalently tethered within the microgel network was tuned by modifying the ratio of degradable to non-degradable crosslinkers, and the released proteins retained full bioactivity. Microgels injected into the dorsum of mice were maintained in the subcutaneous space and degraded within 2 weeks in response to local proteases. Furthermore, controlled release of VEGF from degradable microgels promoted increased vascularization compared to empty microgels or bolus injection of VEGF. Collectively, this study motivates the use of microgels as a viable method for controlled protein delivery in regenerative medicine applications.

Indexed as

Angiogenesis Inducing AgentsAnimalsDelayed-Action PreparationsHydrogelsLab-On-A-Chip DevicesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeovascularization, PhysiologicPeptide HydrolasesPolyethylene GlycolsPolymerizationVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAngiogenesis Inducing AgentsDelayed-Action PreparationsHydrogelsPeptide HydrolasesPolyethylene GlycolsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ABiomaterialsHydrogelsMicrofluidicsProtein deliveryVEGF

Identifiers

PMID27816000
PMCPMC5121008
OpenAlexW2541420623

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.