ArticleJournal of neurovirology2017
A decreasing CD4/CD8 ratio over time and lower CSF-penetrating antiretroviral regimens are associated with a higher risk of neurocognitive deterioration, independently of viral replication.
Article in Journal of neurovirology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Liver and Intima-media-thickness Biomarkers in Patients with HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders Randomized to a Less Neurotoxic Treatment Regimen.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Antiretroviral Therapy Intensification for Neurocognitive Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of Cognitive Functions in People Living with HIV Before and After COVID-19 Infection.Viruses · 2025Observational
- Advances in assessment and cognitive neurorehabilitation of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment.Brain communications · 2025Review
- Dynamics of peripheral T cell exhaustion and monocyte subpopulations in neurocognitive impairment and brain atrophy in chronic HIV infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Increased Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated With Structural Brain Changes and Reduced Blood Flow in People With Virologically Controlled HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Dementia, infections and vaccines: 30 years of controversy.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Review
- Correlations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, neurocognitive tests, and resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Clinical Treatment Options and Randomized Clinical Trials for Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection: Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, Central Nervous System Penetration Effectiveness, and Adjuvants.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Review
- Reliably Measuring Cognitive Change in the Era of Chronic HIV Infection and Chronic HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Review
- Lifetime antiretroviral exposure and neurocognitive impairment in HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- A review of the potential mechanisms of neuronal toxicity associated with antiretroviral drugs.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Review
- Cross-Sectional and Cumulative Longitudinal Central Nervous System Penetration Effectiveness Scores Are Not Associated With Neurocognitive Impairment in a Well Treated Aging Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Population in Switzerland.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ribonucleic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Is Linked to CD4/CD8 Ratio During Acute HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Basal ganglia shrinkage without remarkable hippocampal atrophy in chronic aviremic HIV-positive patients.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
- HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Global Perspective.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2017Review
- Immune recovery of middle-aged HIV patients following antiretroviral therapy: An observational cohort study.Medicine · 2017Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Persistent immune activation is one of the suspected causes of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in cART era. The CD4/CD8 ratio has been recently showed as a marker of immune activation and HAND. Our aim was to analyze if a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio over time could have an impact on neurocognitive deterioration. Randomly selected HIV-infected patients were followed for neuropsychological (NP) testing during a period of almost 2 years. Tests were adjusted for age, gender, and education. Patients were divided into 5 groups: normal tests (NT), neuropsychological deficit (ND, one impaired cognitive domain), asymptomatic neurocognitive disorders (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorders (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Risk factors for neurocognitive deterioration were analyzed. Two hundred fifty-six patients underwent NP tests and 94 participated in the follow-up. The groups were comparable. Upon neuropsychological re-testing, six patients showed clinical improvement, 30 had worsened, and 58 were stable, resulting in 42 patients presenting with HAND (45 %). The majority of HAND cases consisted of ANI (26 %) and MND (16 %). In patients whose NP performance worsened, CPE 2010 score was lower at inclusion (7.13 vs 8.00, p = 0.003) and CD4/CD8 decrease more frequent (60 vs 31 %, p = 0.008) than in those who were stable or improved. Multivariate analysis confirmed these results. A decreasing CD4/CD8 ratio during a longitudinal follow-up of randomly selected HIV-infected patients and lower CSF-penetrating regimens were independently associated with cognitive decline. Monitoring trends in CD4/CD8 ratio could contribute to identifying patients at higher risk of neurocognitive deterioration.
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