ArticleBiology open2016
Relationship between the grades of a learned aversive-feeding response and the dopamine contents in Lymnaea.
Article in Biology open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Effects of Caffeine Exposure on Behaviour, Development and Physiology of the Freshwater SnailToxics · 2025Article
- First evidence of an anxiety-like behavior and its pharmacological modulation in a molluscan model organism, Lymnaea stagnalis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Insulin and Memory in Invertebrates.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
- To eat or not to eat: a Garcia effect in pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis).Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2021Article
- Dopamine as a Multifunctional Neurotransmitter in Gastropod Molluscs: An Evolutionary Hypothesis.The Biological bulletin · 2020Review
- The Role of Serotonin in the Influence of Intense Locomotion on the Behavior Under Uncertainty in the MolluskFrontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Monoamines, Insulin and the Roles They Play in Associative Learning in Pond Snails.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Review
- Effects of internal and external factors on the budgeting between defensive and non-defensive responses in Aplysia.Behavioural brain research · 2018Article
- Comparison of brain monoamine content in three populations ofBiophysics and physicobiology · 2018Article
- Two Strains ofFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pond snail Lymnaea learns conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and remembers not to respond to food substances that initially cause a feeding response. The possible relationship between how well snails learn to follow taste-aversion training and brain dopamine contents is not known. We examined this relationship and found the following: first, snails in the act of eating just before the commencement of CTA training were poor learners and had the highest dopamine contents in the brain; second, snails which had an ad libitum access to food, but were not eating just before training, were average learners and had lower dopamine contents; third, snails food-deprived for one day before training were the best learners and had significantly lower contents of dopamine compared to the previous two cohorts. There was a negative correlation between the CTA grades and the brain dopamine contents in these three cohorts. Fourth, snails food-deprived for five days before training were poor learners and had higher dopamine contents. Thus, severe hunger increased the dopamine content in the brain. Because dopamine functions as a reward transmitter, CTA in the severely deprived snails (i.e. the fourth cohort) was thought to be mitigated by a high dopamine content.
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