ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2016
Common Genetic Variants Found in HLA and KIR Immune Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship of immune cells with autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Killer Ig-like Receptors in Diseases from A to Z.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immune signature of gene expression pattern shared by autism spectrum disorder and Huntington's disease.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Genetic relationship between the immune system and autism.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Systemic maternal inflammation promotes ASD via IL-6 and IFN-γ.Bioscience reports · 2022Review
- Childhood infections and autism spectrum disorders and/or intellectual disability: a register-based cohort study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Article
- Immune marker levels in severe mental disorders: associations with polygenic risk scores of related mental phenotypes and psoriasis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Re-emerging concepts of immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Analyzing the Potential Biological Determinants of Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Neuroinflammation to the Kynurenine Pathway.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Variations in killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen genes and immunity to malaria.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2020Review
- Transcriptome signatures from discordant sibling pairs reveal changes in peripheral blood immune cell composition in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Immune regulation of neurodevelopment at the mother-foetus interface: the case of autism.Clinical & translational immunology · 2020Review
- T lymphocytes and cytotoxic astrocyte blebs correlate across autism brains.Annals of neurology · 2019Article
- Family history of immune conditions and autism spectrum and developmental disorders: Findings from the study to explore early development.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2019Article
- Inheritance of HLA-Cw7 Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Persistence of dysfunctional natural killer cells in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: stigma/consequence of unresolved early infectious events?Molecular autism · 2019Article
- Immune Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder-Could They Hold Promise for Causative Treatment?Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- Immune Contributions to Cause and Effect in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2017Article
- Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The "common variant-common disease" hypothesis was proposed to explain diseases with strong inheritance. This model suggests that a genetic disease is the result of the combination of several common genetic variants. Common genetic variants are described as a 5% frequency differential between diseased vs. matched control populations. This theory was recently supported by an epidemiology paper stating that about 50% of genetic risk for autism resides in common variants. However, rare variants, rather than common variants, have been found in numerous genome wide genetic studies and many have concluded that the "common variant-common disease" hypothesis is incorrect. One interpretation is that rare variants are major contributors to genetic diseases and autism involves the interaction of many rare variants, especially in the brain. It is obvious there is much yet to be learned about autism genetics. Evidence has been mounting over the years indicating immune involvement in autism, particularly the HLA genes on chromosome 6 and KIR genes on chromosome 19. These two large multigene complexes have important immune functions and have been shown to interact to eliminate unwanted virally infected and malignant cells. HLA proteins have important functions in antigen presentation in adaptive immunity and specific epitopes on HLA class I proteins act as cognate ligands for KIR receptors in innate immunity. Data suggests that HLA alleles and KIR activating genes/haplotypes are common variants in different autism populations. For example, class I allele (HLA-A2 and HLA-G 14 bp-indel) frequencies are significantly increased by more than 5% over control populations (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.