ArticleBMC public health2016
What explains gender inequalities in HIV/AIDS prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from the demographic and health surveys.
Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for HIV infection among adolescents and the youth: a systematic review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2022Pooled it
- The twin epidemics: Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia; A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- HIV-1 drug resistance among individuals who seroconverted in the ASPIRE dapivirine ring trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Positive deviance for promoting dual-method contraceptive use among women in Uganda: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- Trial
- An open-label, randomized crossover study to evaluate the acceptability and preference for contraceptive options in female adolescents, 15 to 19 years of age in Cape Town, as a proxy for HIV prevention methods (UChoose).Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Trial
- HIV prevalence and associated factors among women in urban Ethiopia: findings from the Ethiopian Population-based HIV Impact Assessment.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Streamlining Stigma Measurement: Validation and Abridgment of the HIV Stigma Scale for Pregnant Women Living with HIV in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
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- Barriers to and Facilitators of Heterosexual Men's Engagement with the PrEP Care Continuum in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
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- Navigating the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Bangladesh: A comprehensive retrospective analysis of epidemiological trends and sex-specific disparities (1990-2021) with long-term ARIMA forecasting to 2050 for strategic public health planning.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Article
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- Unveiling the dynamics: understanding the current scenario and drivers of HIV epidemiology in Pakistan.Retrovirology · 2025Review
- Gender equality in leadership of HIV care cascade clinical trials: A methodological study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Likelihood of Leveraging Augmented Reality Technology to Promote HIV Prevention and Treatment Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cameroon: Cross-Sectional Survey.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- Analysis of travel-time to HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa reveals inequities in access to antiretrovirals.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Spatial and temporal trends in HIV/AIDS burden among South Asian countries from 1990 to 2021: A systematic examination of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- 'I no longer worry about money for transport to the health centre' - economic empowerment of caregivers of children living with HIV through Village Savings and Loan Associations: experiences and lessons from the 'Towards an AIDS Free Generation Program in Uganda (TAFU)'.BMC health services research · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen are disproportionally affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The determinants of gender inequality in HIV/AIDS may vary across countries and require country-specific interventions to address them. This study aimed to identify the socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics underlying gender inequalities in HIV/AIDS in 21 SSA countries.
methodsWe applied an extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition approach to data from Demographic and Health Surveys and AIDS Indicator Surveys to quantify the differences in HIV/AIDS prevalence between women and men attributable to socio-demographic factors, sexual behaviours, and awareness of HIV/AIDS. We decomposed gender inequalities into two components: the percentage attributable to different levels of the risk factors between women and men (the "composition effect") and the percentage attributable to risk factors having differential effects on HIV/AIDS prevalence in women and men (the "response effect").
resultsDescriptive analyses showed that the difference between women and men in HIV/AIDS prevalence varied from a low of 0.68 % (P = 0.008) in Liberia to a high of 11.5 % (P < 0.001) in Swaziland. The decomposition analysis showed that 84 % (P < 0.001) and 92 % (P < 0.001) of the higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS among women in Uganda and Ghana, respectively, was explained by the different distributions of HIV/AIDS risk factors, particularly age at first sex between women and men. In the majority of countries, however, observed gender inequalities in HIV/AIDS were chiefly explained by differences in the responses to risk factors; the differential effects of age, marital status and occupation on prevalence of HIV/AIDS for women and men were among the significant contributors to this component. In Cameroon, Guinea, Malawi and Swaziland, a combination of the composition and response effects explained gender inequalities in HIV/AIDS prevalence.
conclusionsThe factors that explain gender inequality in HIV/AIDS in SSA vary by country, suggesting that country-specific interventions are needed. Unmeasured factors also contributed substantially to the difference in HIV/AIDS prevalence between women and men, highlighting the need for further study.
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