ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2016
Cesarean section may increase the risk of both overweight and obesity in preschool children.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and narrative synthesis of fathers' (including migrant fathers') experiences of pregnancy and childbirth.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity, including mode of delivery, among asymptomatic adolescents in Central Sudan: a community-based cross-sectional study.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2026Article
- A microbial symphony: a literature review of the factors that orchestrate the colonization dynamics of the human colonic microbiome during infancy and implications for future health.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluating the association between caesarean delivery and weight status in early childhood in a Japanese birth cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics-A Research Hotspot for Pediatric Obesity.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The effect of environmental factors on precocious puberty in children: a case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: A call to action.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and child's body mass index at preschool age.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2023Article
- The Yin-Yang Concept of Pediatric Obesity and Gut Microbiota.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Sex-specific association between elective cesarean section and growth trajectories in preschool children: A prospective birth cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The association of cesarean section with overweight and neurodevelopment of Chinese children aged 1-5 months.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Relationship between Obstetric Mode of Delivery and Risk of Overweight/Obesity in 1- to 4-Year-Old Children.Obesity facts · 2022Article
- Role of Maternal Microbiota and Nutrition in Early-Life Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Association between mode of delivery and body mass index at 4-5 years in White British and Pakistani children: the Born in Bradford birth cohort.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Factors affecting failed trial of labor and countermeasures: A retrospective analysis.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Interaction between delivery mode and maternal age in predicting overweight and obesity in 1,123 Chinese preschool children.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Associations Between Delivery Mode and Early Childhood Body Mass Index Z-Score Trajectories: A Retrospective Analysis of 2,685 Children From Mothers Aged 18 to 35 Years at Delivery.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Health impact of the Anthropocene: the complex relationship between gut microbiota, epigenetics, and human health, using obesity as an example.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2020Review
- A Segmented Logistic Regression Approach to Evaluating Change in Caesarean Section Rate with Reform of Birth Planning Policy in Two Regions in China from 2012 to 2016.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe increase rates of cesarean section (CS) occurred at the same period as the dramatic increase of childhood overweight/obesity. In China, cesarean section rates have exponentially increased in the last 20 years and they now exceed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Such high rates demand an understanding to the long-term consequences on child health. We aim to examine the association between CS and risk of overweight and obesity among preschool children.
methodWe recruited 9103 children from 35 kindergartens in 4 cities located in East China. Children anthropometric measurements were taken in person by trained personnel. The mode of delivery was classified as vaginal or CS, in sub-analyses we divided cesarean delivery into elective or non-elective. The mode of delivery and other parental information were self-reported by parents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations.
resultsIn our cross-sectional study of 8900 preschool children aged 3-6 years, 67.3 % were born via CS, of whom 15.7 % were obese. Cesarean delivery was significantly associated with the risk of overweight [OR 1.24; (95 % CI 1.07-1.44); p = 0.003], and the risk of obesity [OR 1.29; (95 % CI 1.13-1.49); p < 0.001] in preschool children. After adjusted for child characteristics, parental factors and family income, the odd of overweight was 1.35 and of obesity was 1.25 in children delivered by elective CS.
conclusionThe associations between CS and overweight/obesity in preschool children are influenced by potential confounders. Both children delivered by elective or non-elective CS are at increased risk of overweight/obesity. Potential consequences of CS on the health of the children should be discussed among both health care professionals and childbearing women.
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