Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2016
Prevalence of testosterone deficiency in HIV-infected men under antiretroviral therapy.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Body Composition in HIV Patients: A Meta-analysis of Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trials.Current medical science · 2018Pooled it
- Clinical Trial of the Anti-PD-L1 Antibody BMS-936559 in HIV-1 Infected Participants on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Body composition in male hypogonadism: practical considerations to the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Association of serum testosterone concentrations with central adiposity in men who inject heroin in Mombasa County, Kenya.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Serum gonadal hormones levels and hypogonadism in ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV infected adult males in Mwanza, Tanzania.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of hypogonadism on bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in HIV-infected men.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Allopregnanolone and neuroHIV: Potential benefits of neuroendocrine modulation in the era of antiretroviral therapy.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2022Review
- Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the crosstalk between COVID-19 and HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Contribution of Sex Differences to HIV Immunology, Pathogenesis, and Cure Approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Hypogonadism and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Observational
- Testosterone, HIV, and cardiovascular disease risk.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2021Review
- Article
- To T or not to T: Differences in Testosterone Use and Discontinuation by HIV Serostatus among Men who Have Sex with Men.HIV medicine · 2018Article
- Risk of Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Diagnoses Among HIV-Infected Individuals in the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2018Article
- Lipodystrophy diagnosis in people living with HIV/AIDS: prediction and validation of sex-specific anthropometric models.BMC public health · 2018Article
- The Importance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Research for Transgender and Gender-Nonbinary Individuals.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected patients is still a matter of debate as there is no standardized consensual diagnostic method. In addition, the etiology and endocrine/metabolic implications of hypogonadism in this population remain controversial. This study aims to determine the prevalence of testosterone deficiency in a single-site hospital and to evaluate its association with potential risk factors, lipodystrophy, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk.
methodsThis study analyzed 245 HIV-infected men on combined antiretroviral therapy. Patients with low total testosterone (TT) levels (<2.8 ng/mL) and/or low calculated free testosterone (FT) levels (<6.5 ng/dL) were considered testosterone deficient. According to their LH and FSH levels, patients were classified as having hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic dysfunction. Other clinical, anthropometric, and analytic parameters were also collected and analyzed.
resultsThe prevalence of testosterone deficiency in our population was 29.4 %. Among them, 56.9 % had hypogonadotropic dysfunction and 43.1 % presented with hypergonadotropic dysfunction. Patients with testosterone deficiency were older (p < 0.001), had higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.016) and higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.007). Patients with lower testosterone levels had higher prevalence of isolated central fat accumulation (p = 0.015) and had higher median cardiovascular risk at 10 years as measured by the Framingham Risk Score (p = 0.004) and 10-Year ASCVD risk (p = 0.002).
conclusionsThe prevalence of testosterone deficiency in this HIV population is high, with hypogonadotropic dysfunction being responsible for the majority of cases. Testosterone deficiency might predispose to, or be involved, in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Patients with low testosterone levels have higher cardiovascular risk, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis of this condition.
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