Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27809775›Full record

ArticleBMC genomics2016

Recombination events among virulence genes in malaria parasites are associated with G-quadruplex-forming DNA motifs.

Adam Stanton, Lynne M Harris, Gemma Graham, Catherine J Merrick

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
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  10. Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019
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  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. G-Quadruplex DNA and RNA.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2019
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Adam StantonSchool of Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK.
Lynne M HarrisCentre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK.
Gemma GrahamSchool of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK.
Catherine J MerrickCentre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK. c.merrick@keele.ac.uk.
Keele University · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K000535/1Medical Research Council MR/L008823/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMalaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium possess large hyper-variable families of antigen-encoding genes. These are often variantly-expressed and are major virulence factors for immune evasion and the maintenance of chronic infections. Recombination and diversification of these gene families occurs readily, and may be promoted by G-quadruplex (G4) DNA motifs within and close to the variant genes. G4s have been shown to cause replication fork stalling, DNA breakage and recombination in model systems, but these motifs remain largely unstudied in Plasmodium.

resultsWe examined the nature and distribution of putative G4-forming sequences in multiple Plasmodium genomes, finding that their co-distribution with variant gene families is conserved across different Plasmodium species that have different types of variant gene families. In P. falciparum, where a large set of recombination events that occurred over time in cultured parasites has been mapped, we found a strong spatial association between these recombination events and putative G4-forming sequences. Finally, we searched Plasmodium genomes for the three classes of helicase that can unwind G4s: Plasmodium spp. have no identifiable homologue of the highly efficient G4 helicase PIF1, but they do encode two putative RecQ helicases and one homologue of the RAD3-family helicase FANCJ.

conclusionsOur analyses, conducted at the whole-genome level in multiple species of Plasmodium, support the concept that G4s are likely to be involved in recombination and diversification of antigen-encoding gene families in this important protozoan pathogen.

Indexed as

G-QuadruplexesNucleotide MotifsRecombination, GeneticAmino Acid SequenceConserved SequenceDNA, ProtozoanGenome, ProtozoanMitosisPlasmodiumPlasmodium falciparumProtozoan ProteinsVirulenceDNA, Protozoanerythrocyte membrane protein 1, Plasmodium falciparumProtozoan ProteinsG quadruplexMalariaPlasmodiumRecombinationVar genes

Identifiers

PMID27809775
PMCPMC5093961
OpenAlexW2547218633

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.