Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27809572›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2017

Identification of Two Heritable Cross-Disorder Endophenotypes for Tourette Syndrome.

Sabrina M Darrow, Matthew E Hirschtritt, Lea K Davis, Cornelia Illmann, Lisa Osiecki, Marco Grados, Paul Sandor, Yves Dion, Robert King, David Pauls and 12 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Tics: neurological disorders determined by a deficit in sensorimotor gating processes.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Copy number variation and neuropsychiatric problems in females and males in the general population.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2019
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Bridging the Great Divide: What Can Neurology Learn From Psychiatry?The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2018
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Autism Spectrum Symptoms in a Tourette's Disorder Sample.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2017
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Sabrina M DarrowFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Matthew E HirschtrittFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Lea K DavisFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Cornelia IllmannFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Lisa OsieckiFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Marco GradosFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Paul SandorFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Yves DionFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Robert KingFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
David PaulsFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Cathy L BudmanFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Danielle C CathFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Erica GreenbergFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Gholson J LyonFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Dongmei YuFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Lauren M McGrathFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
William M McMahonFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Paul C LeeFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Kevin L DelucchiFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Jeremiah M ScharfFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Carol A MathewsFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium for GeneticsFrom the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco; the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Psychiatry and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal; the Yale Child Study Center and the Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore/Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, N.Y.; the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; the Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; the Department of Behavioral Health, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu; the Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Funding

GENETICS OF TOURETTE SYNDROMER01NS016648 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI PAULS, DAVID L · 1985 to 2009
$9.0M
A Genetic Linkage Study of GTSU01NS040024 · NINDS · TOURETTE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC. · PI SCHARF, JEREMIAH M · 2007 to 2012
$8.0M
TRAINING THE NEXT GENERATION OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCHERSR25MH060482 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DANIEL H MATHALON, Susan M. Voglmaier · 2000 to 2026
$5.2M
Refining the Tourette Syndrome phenotype across diagnoses to aid gene discoveryR01MH096767 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MATHEWS, CAROL A · 2013 to 2015
$1.2M
Advancing Tourette Syndrome genetics using bioinformatics and genome biologyK02NS085048 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SCHARF, JEREMIAH M · 2014 to 2018
$1.0M
Translational phenomics and genomics of Gilles de la Tourette SyndromeK23MH085057 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SCHARF, JEREMIAH M · 2009 to 2013
$929k
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTSZ01MH000508 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MIRSKY, ALLAN F. · 1985 to 2006
–
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 MH000508NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH085057NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096767NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH060482NINDS NIH HHS K02 NS085048NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS016648NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS040024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePhenotypic heterogeneity in Tourette syndrome is partly due to complex genetic relationships among Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Identifying symptom-based endophenotypes across diagnoses may aid gene-finding efforts.

methodAssessments for Tourette syndrome, OCD, and ADHD symptoms were conducted in a discovery sample of 3,494 individuals recruited for genetic studies. Symptom-level factor and latent class analyses were conducted in Tourette syndrome families and replicated in an independent sample of 882 individuals. Classes were characterized by comorbidity rates and proportion of parents included. Heritability and polygenic load associated with Tourette syndrome, OCD, and ADHD were estimated.

resultsThe authors identified two cross-disorder symptom-based phenotypes across analyses: symmetry (symmetry, evening up, checking obsessions; ordering, arranging, counting, writing-rewriting compulsions, repetitive writing tics) and disinhibition (uttering syllables/words, echolalia/palilalia, coprolalia/copropraxia, and obsessive urges to offend/mutilate/be destructive). Heritability estimates for both endophenotypes were high and statistically significant (disinhibition factor=0.35, SE=0.03; symmetry factor=0.39, SE=0.03; symmetry class=0.38, SE=0.10). Mothers of Tourette syndrome probands had high rates of symmetry (49%) but not disinhibition (5%). Polygenic risk scores derived from a Tourette syndrome genome-wide association study (GWAS) were significantly associated with symmetry, while risk scores derived from an OCD GWAS were not. OCD polygenic risk scores were significantly associated with disinhibition, while Tourette syndrome and ADHD risk scores were not.

conclusionsThe analyses identified two heritable endophenotypes related to Tourette syndrome that cross traditional diagnostic boundaries. The symmetry phenotype correlated with Tourette syndrome polygenic load and was present in otherwise Tourette-unaffected mothers, suggesting that this phenotype may reflect additional Tourette syndrome (rather than OCD) genetic liability that is not captured by traditional DSM-based diagnoses.

Indexed as

EndophenotypesAdolescentAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildChild of Impaired ParentsChild, PreschoolComorbidityFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleMiddle AgedMothersMultifactorial InheritanceAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderGeneticsLatent Variable ModelingObsessive-Compulsive DisorderTourette’s Disorder

Identifiers

PMID27809572
PMCPMC5378637

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.