ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2016
Rule Encoding in Orbitofrontal Cortex and Striatum Guides Selection.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perceptual response patterns in rhesus macaque attentional set shifting are associated with inflexible behavior.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Orbitofrontal-sensory cortical interactions in learning and adaptive decision-making.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Prefrontal modulation of striatal engagement: a hierarchical framework for goal-directed behavior.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Spatial reasoning via recurrent neural dynamics in mouse retrosplenial cortex.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reward monitoring in the frontopolar cortex of macaques.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Semi-orthogonal subspaces for value mediate a binding and generalization trade-off.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Rational inattention in neural coding for economic choice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Cracking and Packing Information about the Features of Expected Rewards in the Orbitofrontal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Distinct roles of prefrontal cortex neurons in set shifting.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mapping causal links between prefrontal cortical regions and intra-individual behavioral variability.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Taking stock of value in the orbitofrontal cortex.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022Review
- A structural and functional subdivision in central orbitofrontal cortex.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Optimal Allocation of Finite Sampling Capacity in Accumulator Models of Multialternative Decision Making.Cognitive science · 2022Article
- Context coding in the mouse nucleus accumbens modulates motivationally relevant information.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- The whole prefrontal cortex is premotor cortex.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Is the core function of orbitofrontal cortex to signal values or make predictions?Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2021Article
- Choice-relevant information transformation along a ventrodorsal axis in the medial prefrontal cortex.Nature communications · 2021Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Active maintenance of rules, like other executive functions, is often thought to be the domain of a discrete executive system. An alternative view is that rule maintenance is a broadly distributed function relying on widespread cortical and subcortical circuits. Tentative evidence supporting this view comes from research showing some rule selectivity in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. We recorded in these regions and in the ventral striatum, which has not been associated previously with rule representation, as macaques performed a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. We found robust encoding of rule category (color vs shape) and rule identity (six possible rules) in all three regions. Rule identity modulated responses to potential choice targets, suggesting that rule information guides behavior by highlighting choice targets. The effects that we observed were not explained by differences in behavioral performance across rules and thus cannot be attributed to reward expectation. Our results suggest that rule maintenance and rule-guided selection of options are distributed processes and provide new insight into orbital and striatal contributions to executive control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Rule maintenance, an important executive function, is generally thought to rely on dorsolateral brain regions. In this study, we examined activity of single neurons in orbitofrontal cortex and in ventral and dorsal striatum of macaques in a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Neurons in all three areas encoded rules and rule categories robustly. Rule identity also affected neural responses to potential choice options, suggesting that stored information is used to influence decisions. These results endorse the hypothesis that rule maintenance is a broadly distributed mental operation.
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