ArticleBMJ open2016
Are housing tenure and car access still associated with health? A repeat cross-sectional study of UK adults over a 13-year period.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Risk of severe obesity development: Examining the role of psychological well-being related measures and sociodemographic factors in two longitudinal UK cohort studies.British journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Housing tenure and disability in the UK: trends and projections 2004-2030.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Housing and Cardiometabolic Risk Among Older Renters and Homeowners.Housing studies · 2023Article
- Do the Determinants of Mental Wellbeing Vary by Housing Tenure Status? Secondary Analysis of a 2017 Cross-Sectional Residents Survey in Cornwall, South West England.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Integrating Urban Land Tenure Security in Health Determinants: The Design of Indicators for Measuring Land Tenure Security and Health Relationships in Developing Country Contexts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Housing Poverty and Healthy Aging in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Independent Associations Between Different Measures of Socioeconomic Position and Smoking Status: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adults in England.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Health and economic scarcity: Measuring scarcity through consumption, income and home ownership indicators in Norway.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- The Association Between Education and Smoking Prevalence, Independent of Occupation: A Nationally Representative Survey in Japan.Journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Sex-Specific Associations Between Area-Level Poverty and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction Among US Adolescents.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2020Article
- More miles on the clock: Neighbourhood stressors are associated with telomere length in a longitudinal study.PloS one · 2019Article
- Association between housing tenure and self-rated health in Japan: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey.PloS one · 2019Article
- Associations between socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption: A population survey of adults in England.PloS one · 2019Article
- Making the Case for "Whole System" Approaches: Integrating Public Health and Housing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- Article
- Is Housing a Health Insult?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is usually assumed that housing tenure and car access are associated with health simply because they are acting as markers for social class or income and wealth. However, previous studies conducted in the late 1990s found that these household assets were associated with health independently of social class and income. Here, we set out to examine if this is still the case.
methodsWe use data from our 2010 postal survey of a random sample of adults (n=2092) in 8 local authority areas in the West of Scotland. Self-reported health measures included limiting longstanding illness (LLSI), general health over the last year and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
resultsWe found a statistically significant relationship between housing tenure and all 4 health measures, regardless of the inclusion of social class or income as controls. Compared with owner occupiers, social renters were more likely to report ill-health (controlling for social class-LLSI OR: 3.24, general health OR: 2.82, anxiety η
conclusionsOur results show that housing tenure and car ownership are still associated with health, after taking known correlates (age, sex, social class, income) into account. Further research is required to unpack some of the features of these household assets such as the quality of the dwelling and access to and use of different forms of transport to determine what health benefits or disbenefits they may be associated with in different contexts.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.