ArticlePloS one2016
Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Antiretroviral Combinations in Mice Bone Marrow.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosa cells from individuals submitted to oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis use.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2023Trial
- Cytogenetic changes in oral mucosal cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral treatment.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2023Trial
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Identification and Characterization of the miRNAs and Cytokines in Response to Leishmania infantum Infection with Different Response to Treatment.Acta parasitologica · 2022Article
- Autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma in HIV+ patients: higher rate of infections compared with non-HIV lymphoma.Bone marrow transplantation · 2020Article
- Genotoxicity and mutagenicity research in Quilombola communities.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- The Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Commonly used guidelines for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART) include drug combinations such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) and combivir [zidovudine (AZT) + 3TC] + efavirenz (EFV). These combinations may enhance the genotoxic effects induced by such drugs individually, since the therapy requires lifelong adherence and the drugs have unknown effects during treatment. Thus, the evaluation of the benefits and risks of HAART is of great importance. In order to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of three concentrations of each of the antiretroviral combinations TDF + 3TC (800 + 400, 1600 + 800, and 3200 + 1600 mg/kg body weight, BW) and combivir + EFV (200 + 100 + 400, 400 + 200 + 800, and 800 + 400 + 1600 mg/kg BW) after two exposure periods (24 h and 48 h), in the present study the in vivo comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test were used. Neither TDF + 3TC nor combivir + EFV induced DNA damage at any concentrations tested after 24 h or 48 h using the comet assay. After 24 h, both combinations increased the micronucleus frequency at all concentrations tested. After 48 h, combivir + EFV increased the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) frequency at the two highest concentrations tested. Polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio was high for both combinations, suggesting that they can be mitogenic. Since genotoxicity may be related to carcinogenesis, it is necessary to conduct further studies to verify the long-term mutagenic effects of these drugs.
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