ArticlePloS one2016
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of TOX3 Expression in Breast Cancer.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular signatures of breast cancer in the Iranian population: a review of cell growth and cell cycle regulators.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between CASC16 rs4784227 polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Low expression of TOX predicts poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer in the real world: A retrospective study.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Goblet cell differentiation subgroups in colorectal cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Tumor Targeted Nanomedicine to the Rescue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- TOX as a potential target for immunotherapy in lymphocytic malignancies.Biomarker research · 2021Review
- Higher TOX Genes Expression Is Associated With Poor Overall Survival for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Correlation betweenReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2020Article
- The association of CASC16 variants with breast Cancer risk in a northwest Chinese female population.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Low-penetrance susceptibility variants and postmenopausal oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer.Journal of genetics · 2020Article
- Identification of two novel breast cancer loci through large-scale genome-wide association study in the Japanese population.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Association between the TOX3 rs3803662 C>T polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage in a southern Chinese population.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2019Article
- Relationships between SNPs and prognosis of breast cancer and pathogenic mechanism.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2019Article
- Classification of early and late stage liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients from their genomics and epigenomics profiles.PloS one · 2019Article
- LncRNA BLAT1 is Upregulated in Basal-like Breast Cancer through Epigenetic Modifications.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Breast cancer: The translation of big genomic data to cancer precision medicine.Cancer science · 2018Review
- Expression Quantitative Trait loci (QTL) in tumor adjacent normal breast tissue and breast tumor tissue.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified low penetrance and high frequency single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contribute to genetic susceptibility of breast cancer. The SNPs at 16q12, close to the TOX3 and CASC16 genes, represent one of the susceptibility loci identified by GWAS, showing strong evidence for breast cancer association across various populations. To examine molecular mechanisms of TOX3 regulation in breast cancer, we investigated both genetic and epigenetic factors using cell lines and datasets derived from primary breast tumors available through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TOX3 expression is highly up-regulated in luminal subtype tumors compared to normal breast tissues or basal-like tumors. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses revealed significant associations of rs3803662 and rs4784227 genotypes with TOX3 expression in breast tumors. Bisulfite sequencing of four CpG islands in the TOX3 promoter showed a clear difference between luminal and basal-like cancer cell lines. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment of a basal-like cancer cell line increased expression of TOX3. TCGA dataset verified significantly lower levels of methylation of the promoter in luminal breast tumors with an inverse correlation between methylation and expression of TOX3. Methylation QTL (mQTL) analyses showed a weak or no correlation of rs3803662 or rs4784227 with TOX3 promoter methylation in breast tumors, indicating an independent relationship between the genetic and epigenetic events. These data suggest a complex system of TOX3 regulation in breast tumors, driven by germline variants and somatic epigenetic modifications in a subtype specific manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.