Trial reportPloS one2016
A Minimal Intervention to Promote Smoke-Free Homes among 2-1-1 Callers: North Carolina Randomized Effectiveness Trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) Intervention Reduces Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure Directly and Indirectly by Improving Maternal Smokers' Urge Management Skills and Exposure Protection Behaviors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of a 2-1-1 Telephone Navigation Program to Increase Cancer Control Behaviors: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2022Trial
- Randomised controlled trial of real-time feedback and brief coaching to reduce indoor smoking.Tobacco control · 2020Trial
- Cessation and reduction in smoking behavior: impact of creating a smoke-free home on smokers.Health education research · 2018Trial
- Minimal intervention delivered by 2-1-1 information and referral specialists promotes smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers: a Texas generalisation trial.Tobacco control · 2016Trial
- Facilitators and barriers to implementing smoke-free homes in Armenia: a qualitative study.Global health promotion · 2025Article
- Exploring Factors Shaping Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Sexual Minority Adolescents.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of family-based behavioral intervention for smoking cessation in low-income households: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Adapting a brief smoke-free homes intervention for communities in Armenia and Georgia.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- The Healthy Homes Study: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial of a place-based smoke-free home intervention in affordable housing.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Cancer health awareness through screening and education: A community approach to healthy equity.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Smoke-free home restrictions in Armenia and Georgia: motives, barriers and secondhand smoke reduction behaviors.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Theory-based correlates of cannabis use and intentions among US and Israeli adults: a mixed methods study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Article
- Promoting Smoke-Free Environments: The Impact of Thirdhand Smoke Awareness on Smoking Bans at Home.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Systematic braiding of Smoke-Free Home SafeCare to address child maltreatment risk and secondhand smoke exposure: findings from a pilot study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Smoke-Free Home Intervention in Permanent Supportive Housing: A Multifaceted Intervention Pilot.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Reducing Socioeconomic Disparities in Comprehensive Smoke-Free Rules among Households with Children: A Pilot Intervention Implemented through a National Cancer Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Disseminating a Smoke-free Homes Program to Low Socioeconomic Status Households in the United States Through 2-1-1: Results of a National Impact Evaluation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which delivery of the minimal Smoke-Free Homes intervention by trained 2-1-1 information and referral specialists had an effect on the adoption of home smoking bans in low-income households. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 2-1-1 callers (n = 500) assigned to control or intervention conditions. 2-1-1 information and referral specialists collected baseline data and delivered the intervention consisting of 3 mailings and 1 coaching call; university-based data collectors conducted follow-up interviews at 3 and 6 months post-baseline. Data were collected from June 2013 through July 2014. Participants were mostly female (87.2%), African American (61.4%), and smokers (76.6%). Participants assigned to the intervention condition were more likely than controls to report a full ban on smoking in the home at both 3- (38.1% vs 19.3%, p = < .001) and 6-month follow-up (43.2% vs 33.2%, p = .02). The longitudinal intent-to-treat analysis showed a significant intervention effect over time (OR = 1.31, p = .001), i.e. OR = 1.72 at 6 months. This study replicates prior findings showing the effectiveness of the minimal intervention to promote smoke-free homes in low-income households, and extends those findings by demonstrating they can be achieved when 2-1-1 information and referral specialists deliver the intervention. Findings offer support for this intervention as a generalizable and scalable model for reducing secondhand smoke exposure in homes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.