ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2016
Coculture Assays to Study Macrophage and Microglia Stimulation of Glioblastoma Invasion.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tumor-associated macrophage-specific LRRFIP1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and progression of colorectal cancer via activation of the PI3K pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Reconstructing the glioblastoma microenvironment in heterotypic 3D spheroids: a multicellular model to study tumor-stromal crosstalk.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Biophysical Control of the Glioblastoma Immunosuppressive Microenvironment: Opportunities for Immunotherapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- The Chemokine Receptor CCR1 Mediates Microglia Stimulated Glioma Invasion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Fluoride in the Central Nervous System and Its Potential Influence on the Development and Invasiveness of Brain Tumours-A Research Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cystatin F acts as a mediator of immune suppression in glioblastoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Macrophages/Microglia in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Distinction of Microglia and Macrophages in Glioblastoma: Close Relatives, Different Tasks?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Role of Microenvironment in Glioma Invasion: What We Learned from In Vitro Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Microglia immunophenotyping in gliomas.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- The neuropathological basis to the functional role of microglia/macrophages in gliomas.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2017Review
- Integrating the glioblastoma microenvironment into engineered experimental models.Future science OA · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV glioma) is a very aggressive human cancer with a median survival of 1 year post diagnosis. Despite the increased understanding of the molecular events that give rise to glioblastomas, this cancer still remains highly refractory to conventional treatment. Surgical resection of high grade brain tumors is rarely complete due to the highly infiltrative nature of glioblastoma cells. Therapeutic approaches which attenuate glioblastoma cell invasion therefore is an attractive option. Our laboratory and others have shown that tumor associated macrophages and microglia (resident brain macrophages) strongly stimulate glioblastoma invasion. The protocol described in this paper is used to model glioblastoma-macrophage/microglia interaction using in vitro culture assays. This approach can greatly facilitate the development and/or discovery of drugs that disrupt the communication with the macrophages that enables this malignant behavior. We have established two robust coculture invasion assays where microglia/macrophages stimulate glioma cell invasion by 5 - 10 fold. Glioblastoma cells labelled with a fluorescent marker or constitutively expressing a fluorescent protein are plated without and with macrophages/microglia on matrix-coated polycarbonate chamber inserts or embedded in a three dimensional matrix. Cell invasion is assessed by using fluorescent microscopy to image and count only invasive cells on the underside of the filter. Using these assays, several pharmacological inhibitors (JNJ-28312141, PLX3397, Gefitinib, and Semapimod), have been identified which block macrophage/microglia stimulated glioblastoma invasion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.