ArticleAnalytical chemistry2016
Analysis of Pre-existing IgG and IgM Antibodies against Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in the General Population.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 188 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
188 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 354 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Risk of Allergic Reaction to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Recommended Evaluation and Management: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, GRADE Assessment, and International Consensus Approach.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2021Pooled it
- Efbemalenograstim Alfa, an Fc Fusion Protein, Long‑Acting Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Reducing the Risk of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: Results of a Phase II Randomized, Multicenter, Open‑Label Trial.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Trial
- Efbemalenograstim alfa not inferior to pegfilgrastim in providing neutrophil support in women with breast cancer undergoing myelotoxic chemotherapy: results of a phase 2 randomized, multicenter, open-label trial.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Trial
- The safety and efficacy of N8-GP (turoctocog alfa pegol) in previously untreated pediatric patients with hemophilia A.Blood advances · 2023Trial
- Phase I/II study to assess the clinical pharmacology and safety of single ascending and multiple subcutaneous doses of PF-06881894 in women with non-distantly metastatic breast cancer.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Association of immune response with efficacy and safety outcomes in adults with phenylketonuria administered pegvaliase in phase 3 clinical trials.EBioMedicine · 2018Trial
- Outcome of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma with hypersensitivity to pegaspargase treated with PEGylated Erwinia asparaginase, pegcrisantaspase: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2018Trial
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Overcoming translational hurdles in nanoparticle research with pharmacokinetic modeling.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Bioadhesive Hydrogels for Tissue Repair: Design Strategies, Adhesion Mechanisms, and Emerging Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Standardizing pre-existing anti-PEG antibody detection: A key to clarifying their binding features and clinical relevance.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Monodisperse PEG engineering for quantifiable surface conjugation on PLGA nanoparticles.Nanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Delivering the future of immunotherapy: A state-of-the-art review of gene editing in immune cells with lipid nanoparticles.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Comparative efficacy and safety of four long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factors for primary prophylaxis in patients with breast cancer: a prospective observational cohort study in China.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Lipids and lipid nanoparticles functionalized with randomized poly(ethylene glycol) (rPEG) for mRNA delivery.Chemical science · 2026Article
- Epigenetic editing approaches maturity: AI-driven precision design, delivery innovation, and the road to clinical translation.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- A Non-Antigenic Randomized Polyethylene Glycol/Poly(2-Phenyl-2-Oxazine)-Based Drug Delivery Platform.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Polyglycerol-Based Lipids: A Next-Generation Alternative to PEG in Lipid Nanoparticles for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Anti-PEG Immunogenicity of mRNA-LNP Vaccines in Humans: Evidence for Population-Level Changes in the Anti-PEG Antibody Repertoire.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Development of a portable device for the detection of anti-PEG antibodies in human plasma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
128 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Circulating antibodies (Ab) that specifically bind polyethylene glycol (PEG), a biocompatible polymer routinely used in protein and nanoparticle therapeutics, have been associated with reduced efficacy of and/or adverse reactions to therapeutics modified with or containing PEG. Unlike most antidrug antibodies that are induced following initial drug dosing, anti-PEG Ab can be found in treatment-naïve individuals (i.e., individuals who have never undergone treatment with PEGylated drugs but most likely have been exposed to PEG through other means). Unfortunately, the true prevalence, quantitative levels, and Ab isotype of pre-existing anti-PEG Ab remain poorly understood. Here, using rigorously validated competitive ELISAs with engineered chimeric anti-PEG monoclonal Ab standards, we quantified the levels of anti-PEG IgM and different subclasses of anti-PEG IgG (IgG1-4) in both contemporary and historical human samples. We unexpectedly found, with 90% confidence, detectable levels of anti-PEG Ab in ∼72% of the contemporary specimens (18% IgG, 25% IgM, 30% both IgG and IgM). The vast majority of these samples contained low levels of anti-PEG Ab, with only ∼7% and ∼1% of all specimens possessing anti-PEG IgG and IgM in excess of 500 ng/mL, respectively. IgG2 was the predominant anti-PEG IgG subclass. Anti-PEG Ab's were also observed in ∼56% of serum samples collected during 1970-1999 (20% IgG, 19% IgM, and 16% both IgG and IgM), suggesting that the presence of PEG-specific antibodies may be a longstanding phenomenon. Anti-PEG IgG levels demonstrated correlation with patient age, but not with gender or race. The widespread prevalence of pre-existing anti-PEG Ab, coupled with high Ab levels in a subset of the population, underscores the potential importance of screening patients for anti-PEG Ab levels prior to administration of therapeutics containing PEG.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.