ArticlePLoS currents2016
Series of Norovirus Outbreaks Caused by Consumption of Green Coral Lettuce, Denmark, April 2016.
Article in PLoS currents, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Foodborne and Food-Handler Norovirus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review.Foodborne pathogens and disease · 2018Pooled it
- Hybrid paper/PDMS microfluidic device integrated with RNA extraction and recombinase polymerase amplification for detection of norovirus in foods.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Review
- Use of Human Intestinal Enteroids for Recovery of Infectious Human Norovirus from Berries and Lettuce.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVHs). Part 1 (outbreak data analysis, literature review and stakeholder questionnaire).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Norovirus transmission mitigation strategies during simulated produce harvest and packing.International journal of food microbiology · 2021Article
- Target Affinity and Structural Analysis for a Selection of Norovirus Aptamers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- An Optimised Direct Lysis Method for Viral RNA Extraction and Detection of Foodborne Viruses on Fruits and Vegetables.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Detection of norovirus infections in Denmark, 2011-2018.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Norovirus waterborne outbreak in Chalkidiki, Greece, 2015: detection of GI.P2_GI.2 and GII.P16_GII.13 unusual strains.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Molecular epidemiology of human adenovirus infections in Denmark, 2011-2016.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2018Article
- Epidemiology of Foodborne Norovirus Outbreaks - United States, 2009-2015.Food safety (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018Article
- Inactivation of Human Norovirus Genogroups I and II and Surrogates by Free Chlorine in Postharvest Leafy Green Wash Water.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn early April 2016, an unusual high number of point-source outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease were reported to occur in Denmark.
methodsOutbreaks were individually investigated. Two analytical studies were performed. Patient stool samples collected and analysed; positive stool samples were sequenced over the polymerase and/or capsid gene areas. Implicated lettuce heads were collected and analysed for the presence of norovirus. Foods were traced-back and traced-forward and international alert systems applied.
resultsA total of 23 linked point-source outbreaks occurred over the course of one week. Fresh green coral lettuce (Lollo Bionda lettuce) had been consumed in all settings. In a cohort study including 234 participants a dish containing green lettuce was associated with illness. Norovirus of Genogroup I (GI) was detected in samples from 28 patients comprising eight of the outbreaks. Sequencing showed GI.P2-GI.2. GI norovirus was detected in one of 20 examined lettuce heads. All lettuce consumed was supplied by the same packer who in turn had bought the lettuce from a wholesaler in France. The two lots of lettuce came from two different growers in different parts of France. DISCUSSION: Green coral lettuce produced in France was found to have caused a large series of linked norovirus outbreaks in Denmark as established by a number of lines of evidence. A similar incidence occurred in 2010. Fresh lettuce increasingly appear to be a risk food for norovirus infections.
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