ReviewmBio2016
The Origin of Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Holobiont Hydra.
Review in mBio, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Prevotella stercorea associates with protection against infection in rural African children.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Branched-chain amino acids and gut microbiota: coregulation and impact on neurological function via the gut-brain axis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Metabolic ecology of microbiomes: Nutrient competition, host benefits, and community engineering.Cell host & microbe · 2025Review
- Chemical Defenses in Medusozoa.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- The ecology and plasticity of fish skin and gill microbiomes: seeking what matters in health and disease.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The link between gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis from the perspective of barrier function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of animal hosts in shaping gut microbiome variation.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Invertebrate Immunity, Natural Transplantation Immunity, Somatic and Germ Cell Parasitism, and Transposon Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Caspase-mediated LPS sensing and pyroptosis signaling inScience advances · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Innate Immunity Mechanisms in Marine Multicellular Organisms.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Article
- Non-traditional roles of immune cells in regeneration: an evolutionary perspective.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Adaptive lifestyle of bacteria determines phage-bacteria interaction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Animal development in the microbial world: The power of experimental model systems.Current topics in developmental biology · 2021Review
- Exploring the Niche Concept in a Simple Metaorganism.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Historically, mucosal immunity-i.e., the portion of the immune system that protects an organism's various mucous membranes from invasion by potentially pathogenic microbes-has been studied in single-cell epithelia in the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts of vertebrates. Phylogenetically, mucosal surfaces appeared for the first time about 560 million years ago in members of the phylum Cnidaria. There are remarkable similarities and shared functions of mucosal immunity in vertebrates and innate immunity in cnidarians, such as Hydra species. Here, we propose a common origin for both systems and review observations that indicate that the ultimately simple holobiont Hydra provides both a new perspective on the relationship between bacteria and animal cells and a new prism for viewing the emergence and evolution of epithelial tissue-based innate immunity. In addition, recent breakthroughs in our understanding of immune responses in Hydra polyps reared under defined short-term gnotobiotic conditions open up the potential of Hydra as an animal research model for the study of common mucosal disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.