ArticlePloS one2016
Prevalence, Recurrence, and Incidence of Current Depressive Symptoms among People Living with HIV in Ontario, Canada: Results from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depressive Symptoms and HIV Viral Suppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Self-Management Interventions Conducted Across Global Settings for Depressive Symptoms in Persons with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Pathogenesis of HIV-associated depression: contributing factors and underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Exploring the Longitudinal Influence of Perceived Social Support, HIV Stigma, and Future Orientation on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living with HIV in China.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- A Critical Review of Symptom Management Nursing Science on HIV-Related Fatigue and Sleep Disturbance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Article
- The opioid crisis is driving mortality among under-served people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.BMC public health · 2021Article
- The relationship between diabetes and depressive symptoms in men with or at risk of HIV infection.HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Depressive Symptom Trajectories Among People Living with HIV in a Collaborative Care Program.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Depressive symptoms and substance use: Changes overtime among a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Depressive Symptoms and Engagement in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among a Population of HIV-Infected Men and Women in Routine HIV Care in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCurrent studies of depression among people living with HIV focus on describing its point prevalence. Given the fluctuating nature of depression and its profound impacts on clinical and quality-of-life outcomes, this study aimed to examine the prevalence, recurrence and incidence of current depressive symptoms and its underlying catalysts longitudinally and systematically among these individuals.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study between October 1, 2007 and December 31, 2012 using longitudinal linked data sources. Current depressive symptoms was identified using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale or the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, first at baseline and again during follow-up interviews. Multivariable regressions were used to characterize the three outcomes.
resultsOf the 3,816 HIV-positive participants, the point prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated at 28%. Of the 957 participants who were identified with depressive symptoms at baseline and who had at least two years of follow-up, 43% had a recurrent episode. The cumulative incidence among 1,745 previously depressive symptoms free participants (at or prior to baseline) was 14%. During the five-year follow-up, our multivariable models showed that participants with greater risk of recurrent cases were more likely to feel worried about their housing situation. Participants at risk of developing incident cases were also likely to be younger, gay or bisexual, and unable to afford housing-related expenses.
conclusionsDepressive symptoms are prevalent and likely to recur among people living with HIV. Our results support the direction of Ontario's HIV/AIDS Strategy to 2026, which addresses medical concerns associated with HIV (such as depression) and the social drivers of health in order to enhance the overall well-being of people living with or at risk of HIV. Our findings reinforce the importance of providing effective mental health care and demonstrate the need for long-term support and routine management of depression, particularly for individuals at high risk.
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