Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27802276›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2016

Craniofacial Ciliopathies Reveal Specific Requirements for GLI Proteins during Development of the Facial Midline.

Ching-Fang Chang, Ya-Ting Chang, Grethel Millington, Samantha A Brugmann

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Primary cilia dysfunction: A critical driver of metabolic diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. A dual role for GLI3 signaling in neural crest development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026
    Article
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  20. Genetic interaction of mammalian IFT-A paralogs regulates cilia disassembly, ciliary entry of membrane protein, Hedgehog signaling, and embryogenesis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ching-Fang ChangDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati.
Ya-Ting ChangDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-7157
Grethel MillingtonDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-6416
Samantha A BrugmannDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · US

Funding

UAB Recessive PKD Research and Translational Core CenterP30DK074038 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI YODER, BRADLEY K. · 2005 to 2019
$16.6M
The Role of Primary Cilia in Murine Craniofacial DevelopmentR01DE023804 · NIDCR · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI BRUGMANN, SAMANTHA A · 2014 to 2017
$1.6M
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE023804NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK074038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ciliopathies represent a broad class of disorders that affect multiple organ systems. The craniofacial complex is among those most severely affected when primary cilia are not functional. We previously reported that loss of primary cilia on cranial neural crest cells, via a conditional knockout of the intraflagellar transport protein KIF3a, resulted in midfacial widening due to a gain of Hedgehog (HH) activity. Here, we examine the molecular mechanism of how a loss of primary cilia can produce facial phenotypes associated with a gain of HH function. We show that loss of intraflagellar transport proteins (KIF3a or IFT88) caused aberrant GLI processing such that the amount of GLI3FL and GLI2FL was increased, thus skewing the ratio of GLIFL to GLIR in favor of the FL isoform. Genetic addition of GLI3R partially rescued the ciliopathic midfacial widening. Interestingly, despite several previous studies suggesting midfacial development relies heavily on GLI3R activity, the conditional loss of GLI3 alone did not reproduce the ciliopathic phenotype. Only the combined loss of both GLI2 and GLI3 was able to phenocopy the ciliopathic midfacial appearance. Our findings suggest that ciliopathic facial phenotypes are generated via loss of both GLI3R and GLI2R and that this pathology occurs via a de-repression mechanism. Furthermore, these studies suggest a novel role for GLI2R in craniofacial development.

Indexed as

AnimalsCiliaCiliopathiesFaceGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalKinesinsKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsMiceMice, TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsPhenotypeProtein IsoformsProtein Modification, TranslationalSignal TransductionZinc Finger Protein Gli2Zinc Finger Protein Gli3Gli2 protein, mouseGli3 protein, mouseKif3a protein, mouseKinesinsKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsNerve Tissue ProteinsProtein IsoformsZinc Finger Protein Gli2Zinc Finger Protein Gli3

Identifiers

PMID27802276
PMCPMC5089743
OpenAlexW2548963943

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.