ArticleNutrients2016
A Comparison of Nutritional Antioxidant Content in Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formulas.
Article in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Nutritional Composition and Energy Content of Donor Human Milk: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Donor Human Milk Protects against Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- The Breastfeeding Experiences of Mother-Infant Dyads and the Effects of an FMR1 Mutation.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Appropriate Lifelong Circadian Rhythms Are Established During Infancy: A Narrative Review.Clocks & sleep · 2025Review
- Mediterranean Diet Outcomes Across the Mother-Milk-Infant Triad: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The role of oxidative post-translational modifications in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Rapid bedside measurement of reactive oxygen species in neonates: a pilot study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Redox Chemistry: Implications for Necrotizing Enterocolitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- How many times must a man look up before he can see the sky?Pediatric research · 2024Article
- The association of different types of human milk with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Preterm Pigs Fed Donor Human Milk Have Greater Liver β-Carotene Concentrations than Pigs Fed Infant Formula.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Factors Influencing Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Health with a Focus on Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Article
- Infant factors that impact the ecology of human milk secretion and composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 3.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Review
- Exclusive Human Milk Diet for Extremely Premature Infants: A Novel Fortification Strategy That Enhances the Bioactive Properties of Fresh, Frozen, and Pasteurized Milk Specimens.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Observational
- Autoantibody and T cell responses to oxidative post-translationally modified insulin neoantigenic peptides in type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- The role of human milk feeds on inotrope use in newborn infants with sepsis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Human Milk Feeding for Septic Newborn Infants Might Minimize Their Exposure to Ventilation Therapy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The association of maternal dietary quality and the antioxidant-proxidant balance of human milk.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Human breast milk-derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human milk is the optimal food for human infants, including infants born prematurely. In the event that a mother of a hospitalized infant cannot provide breast milk, donor milk is considered an acceptable alternative. It is known that the macronutrient composition of donor milk is different than human milk, with variable fat content and protein content. However, much less is known about the micronutrient content of donor milk, including nutritional antioxidants. Samples of breast milk from 12 mothers of infants hospitalized in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit until were collected and analyzed for concentrations of nutritional antioxidants, including α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol, and α-tocopherol. Additionally, a homogenized sample of donor milk available from a commercial milk bank and samples of infant formulas were also analyzed. Concentrations of nutritional antioxidants were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to breast milk collected from mothers of hospitalized infants, commercially available donor milk had 18%-53% of the nutritional antioxidant content of maternal breast milk. As donor milk is becoming a common nutritional intervention for the high risk preterm infant, the nutritional antioxidant status of donor milk-fed premature infants and outcomes related to oxidative stress may merit further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.