ArticleBMC genomics2016
Secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model.
Article in BMC genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plant recognition by Trichoderma Harzianum elicits upregulation of a novel secondary metabolite cluster required for colonization.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effect of insect cuticular compounds on appressorium formation and metabolic activity inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative genomics of Metarhizium brunneum strains V275 and ARSEF 4556: unraveling intraspecies diversity.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect ofHeliyon · 2023Article
- Blastospores fromMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Comparative genomics reveals that metabolism underlies evolution of entomopathogenicity in bee-loving Ascosphaera spp. fungi.Journal of invertebrate pathology · 2022Article
- Host-Pathogen Interactions betweenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Origin and Evolution of Fusidane-Type Antibiotics Biosynthetic Pathway through Multiple Horizontal Gene Transfers.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Secondary metabolites from hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi: genomics as a tool to elucidate the encoded parvome.Natural product reports · 2020Review
- Comparative RNAseq Analysis of the Insect-Pathogenic FungusG3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Biological Control of Tomato Gray Mold Caused byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Anticancer activity and metabolite profiling data ofData in brief · 2020Article
- Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of Metarhizium anisopliae during tick mimicked infection condition.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Complex Evolutionary Origins of Specialized Metabolite Gene Cluster Diversity among the Plant Pathogenic Fungi of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Proteome-Wide Identification of Lysine Propionylation in the Conidial and Mycelial Stages ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Natural Products from Actinobacteria Associated with Fungus-Growing Termites.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Genomic Analysis of the Insect-Killing Fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-007 as a Biopesticide.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Biosynthesis of helvolic acid and identification of an unusual C-4-demethylation process distinct from sterol biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe described species from the Metarhizium genus are cosmopolitan fungi that infect arthropod hosts. Interestingly, while some species infect a wide range of hosts (host-generalists), other species infect only a few arthropods (host-specialists). This singular evolutionary trait permits unique comparisons to determine how pathogens and virulence determinants emerge. Among the several virulence determinants that have been described, secondary metabolites (SMs) are suggested to play essential roles during fungal infection. Despite progress in the study of pathogen-host relationships, the majority of genes related to SM production in Metarhizium spp. are uncharacterized, and little is known about their genomic organization, expression and regulation. To better understand how infection conditions may affect SM production in Metarhizium anisopliae, we have performed a deep survey and description of SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in M. anisopliae, analyzed RNA-seq data from fungi grown on cattle-tick cuticles, evaluated the differential expression of BGCs, and assessed conservation among the Metarhizium genus. Furthermore, our analysis extended to the construction of a phylogeny for the following three BGCs: a tropolone/citrinin-related compound (MaPKS1), a pseurotin-related compound (MaNRPS-PKS2), and a putative helvolic acid (MaTERP1).
resultsAmong 73 BGCs identified in M. anisopliae, 20 % were up-regulated during initial tick cuticle infection and presumably possess virulence-related roles. These up-regulated BGCs include known clusters, such as destruxin, NG39x and ferricrocin, together with putative helvolic acid and, pseurotin and tropolone/citrinin-related compound clusters as well as uncharacterized clusters. Furthermore, several previously characterized and putative BGCs were silent or down-regulated in initial infection conditions, indicating minor participation over the course of infection. Interestingly, several up-regulated BGCs were not conserved in host-specialist species from the Metarhizium genus, indicating differences in the metabolic strategies employed by generalist and specialist species to overcome and kill their host. These differences in metabolic potential may have been partially shaped by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events, as our phylogenetic analysis provided evidence that the putative helvolic acid cluster in Metarhizium spp. originated from an HGT event.
conclusionsSeveral unknown BGCs are described, and aspects of their organization, regulation and origin are discussed, providing further support for the impact of SM on the Metarhizium genus lifestyle and infection process.
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