ReviewClinical pharmacology : advances and applications2016
Skin models for the testing of transdermal drugs.
Review in Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of airborne particulate matter on skin: a systematic review from epidemiology to in vitro studies.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2020Pooled it
- Development and evaluation of madecassoside-loaded microemulsion for enhanced topical drug delivery.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Argon and Helium Plasma for Controlled Epidermal Peeling and Dermal Remodeling in Human Skin Tissue.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Advances in veterinary drug and vaccine delivery: from conventional delivery methods to innovative transdermal approaches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Development and comparative evaluation of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models for the assessment of broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial efficacy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Xylem-inspired anisotropic porous silk microneedles enable efficient interstitial fluid sampling for local biomarker and proteomic profiling of skin diseases.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Nanotechnologies for Skin Drug Delivery: Polymeric, Bio-Based, and Hybrid Nanocarriers with Clinical and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Novasomal Gel for Enhanced Dermal Delivery and Antibacterial Efficacy of Cinnamic Acid.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Transdermal delivery of pramipexole dihydrochloride using dissolving polymeric microneedle patches for improved Parkinson's disease management.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Modulation of Caffeine Permeation Kinetics in a Skin-PAMPA Model by Probiotic Lysates and Bile Acids.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- A dual edge-activation strategy for rhein bilosomes enhances intradermal delivery and anti-melanoma efficacy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cracking the Skin Barrier: Models and Methods Driving Dermal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Clascoterone Stability When Combined with Topical Acne Medications In Vitro.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Separable cryo-microneedle patches delivery with capsaicin integrated mesoporous dopamine for obesity treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Polyphenols for Cosmeceutical Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Recent progress in the identification and in vitro culture of skin organoids.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Engineering in vitro vascular microsystems.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- Integrating melt electrowriting (MEW) PCL scaffolds with fibroblast-laden hydrogel toward vascularized skin tissue engineering.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Development of propranolol loaded SLN for transdermal delivery:Therapeutic delivery · 2025Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The assessment of percutaneous permeation of molecules is a key step in the evaluation of dermal or transdermal delivery systems. If the drugs are intended for delivery to humans, the most appropriate setting in which to do the assessment is the in vivo human. However, this may not be possible for ethical, practical, or economic reasons, particularly in the early phases of development. It is thus necessary to find alternative methods using accessible and reproducible surrogates for in vivo human skin. A range of models has been developed, including ex vivo human skin, usually obtained from cadavers or plastic surgery patients, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. Increasingly, largely driven by regulatory authorities and industry, there is a focus on developing standardized techniques and protocols. With this comes the need to demonstrate that the surrogate models produce results that correlate with those from in vivo human studies and that they can be used to show bioequivalence of different topical products. This review discusses the alternative skin models that have been developed as surrogates for normal and diseased skin and examines the concepts of using model systems for in vitro-in vivo correlation and the demonstration of bioequivalence.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.