Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27799761›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2016

Costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in urban areas of China: a cross-sectional study in four cities.

Xiaoying Chen, Na Wang, Yue Chen, Tian Xiao, Chaowei Fu, Biao Xu

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Profiles and Disease Burden of Patients with COPD Initiating Triple Therapy in China.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Observational
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  14. The Humanistic and Economic Burden of COPD Patients in Urban China: A Propensity Score Matching Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xiaoying ChenDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Na WangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Yue ChenDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Tian XiaoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Chaowei FuDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Biao XuDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe economic burden of COPD has not been well studied in China. This study investigated the total costs caused by COPD and the influencing factors for the high economic burden in urban areas of China. PATIENTS AND

methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 678 COPD patients in four cities in China in 2011. The average annual direct medical costs (DMCs), direct nonmedical costs (DNMCs), and indirect costs (ICs) on COPD were measured by median and mean (± standard deviation). Logistic regression model was used to explore factors related to high total costs on COPD.

resultsThe median annual DMCs, DNMCs, and ICs per COPD patient were RMB 5565 Yuan (US$ 862), 0 Yuan (US$ 0), and 0 Yuan (US$ 0), respectively, and the mean annual DMCs, DNMCs, and ICs per COPD patient were RMB 11968 (±22422) Yuan [US$ 1853 (±3472)], 539 (±2092) Yuan [US$ 83 (±324)], and 2087 (±8110) Yuan [US$ 323 (±1256)], respectively. The annual DMCs, DNMCs, and ICs for diagnosed COPD patients were RMB 195.70 billion Yuan (US$ 30.30 billion), 8.78 billion Yuan (US$ 1.36 billion), and 34.10 billion Yuan (US$ 5.28 billion), respectively, in China. Hospitalization accounted for 56.7% of the total costs. High economic burden was significantly related to age, acute exacerbations, and disease severity in COPD patients.

conclusionCOPD posed a heavy economic burden in China. Measures to delay the disease progression and to reduce the risks of acute exacerbation and hospitalization will help substantially lower the costs for COPD care.

Indexed as

Health Care CostsAbsenteeismChinaChi-Square DistributionCross-Sectional StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHospital CostsHospitalizationHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedModels, EconomicOdds RatioPulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructiveacute exacerbationsdisease severityeconomic burdenhospitalization

Identifiers

PMID27799761
PMCPMC5079691

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.