ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
In vivo nanoparticle imaging of innate immune cells can serve as a marker of disease severity in a model of multiple sclerosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles: Agents of thermal and immune therapies.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Smoldering neuroinflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, imaging biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Modified With Self-Antigen Peptides for Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Macrophage tracking with USPIO imaging and T2 mapping predicts immune rejection of transplanted stem cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nanoparticle-neutrophils interactions for autoimmune regulation.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Basic Science of Neuroinflammation and Involvement of the Inflammatory Response in Disorders of the Nervous System.Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Cross-Modal Imaging Reveals Nanoparticle Uptake Dynamics in Hematopoietic Bone Marrow during Inflammation.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Redox-responsive polymer micelles co-encapsulating immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents for glioblastoma therapy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Metal-based nanoparticle in cancer treatment: lessons learned and challenges.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Machine learning assisted-nanomedicine using magnetic nanoparticles for central nervous system diseases.Nanoscale advances · 2023Review
- Central and peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells are closely related to the clinical severity of multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2023Article
- T cell-independent eradication of experimental glioma by intravenous TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Fn14-Directed DART Nanoparticles Selectively Target Neoplastic Cells in Preclinical Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A pH-responsive TNature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Nanotherapeutics and the Brain.Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering · 2022Review
- Approaches for neutrophil imaging: an important step in personalized medicine.Bioengineered · 2022Review
- Exosome Carrier Effects; Resistance to Digestion in Phagolysosomes May Assist Transfers to Targeted Cells; II Transfers of miRNAs Are Better Analyzed via Systems Approach as They Do Not Fit Conventional Reductionist Stoichiometric Concepts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Current Insights Progress and Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innate immune cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Current clinical imaging is restricted to visualizing secondary effects of inflammation, such as gliosis and blood-brain barrier disruption. Advanced molecular imaging, such as iron oxide nanoparticle imaging, can allow direct imaging of cellular and molecular activity, but the exact cell types that phagocytose nanoparticles in vivo and how phagocytic activity relates to disease severity is not well understood. In this study we used MRI to map inflammatory infiltrates using high-field MRI and fluorescently labeled cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticles for cell tracking. We confirmed nanoparticle uptake and MR detectability ex vivo. Using in vivo MRI, we identified extensive nanoparticle signal in the cerebellar white matter and circumscribed cortical gray matter lesions that developed during the disease course (4.6-fold increase of nanoparticle accumulation in EAE compared with healthy controls, P < 0.001). Nanoparticles showed good cellular specificity for innate immune cells in vivo, labeling activated microglia, infiltrating macrophages, and neutrophils, whereas there was only sparse uptake by adaptive immune cells. Importantly, nanoparticle signal correlated better with clinical disease than conventional gadolinium (Gd) imaging (r, 0.83 for nanoparticles vs. 0.71 for Gd-imaging, P < 0.001). We validated our approach using the Food and Drug Administration-approved iron oxide nanoparticle ferumoxytol. Our results show that noninvasive molecular imaging of innate immune responses can serve as an imaging biomarker of disease activity in autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation with potential clinical applications in a wide range of inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.