ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Intratumoral injection of a CpG oligonucleotide reverts resistance to PD-1 blockade by expanding multifunctional CD8+ T cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neoadjuvant vidutolimod and nivolumab in high-risk resectable melanoma: A prospective phase II trial.Cancer cell · 2024Trial
- Early Immune Remodeling Steers Clinical Response to First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2024Trial
- Intralesional SD-101 in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Anti-PD-1 Treatment-Naïve Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results from a Multicenter, Phase II Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- An Open-Label Study of Subcutaneous CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide (PF03512676) in Combination with Trastuzumab in Patients with Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterTrial
- Intratumoral T cell activation kills tumors regardless of T cell specificity.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The transcription factor IRF8 drives tumor-specific exhaustion in CD8+ T cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Combinatorial in situ cancer vaccines: unlocking broad and enhanced antitumor responses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Intralesional injection of CpG ODNs complexed with glatiramer acetate mitigates systemic cytokine toxicities and synergistically advances checkpoint blockade efficacy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Targeted hyperthermia therapy (THT) using gold nanorods remodels the tumor microenvironment to sensitize murine microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer to immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Simultaneous detection of lymphocytes and tumor cellsNanoscale horizons · 2026Article
- Nanostructured branched Y-DNA promotes antitumor immunity through dual activation of cGAS/STING and TLR9.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- The LNK adaptor protein: a dual regulator of proliferation and migration in solid tumors.Molecular & cellular oncology · 2026Review
- Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA), Its Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Its Potential Role in Regulating Cancer Metabolism.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Re-Arming the Immunological Radar: The Translational Landscape of Dendritic Cell-Centric Nanotherapeutics and Microenvironment Remodeling for Osteosarcoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer - new clinical challenges, but more opportunities.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Overcoming Immune Therapy Resistance in Cancer Through Innate Immune Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Improvement of the Anticancer Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade: Advances in Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.MedComm · 2025Review
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the impressive rates of clinical response to programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade in multiple cancers, the majority of patients still fail to respond to this therapy. The CT26 tumor in mice showed similar heterogeneity, with most tumors unaffected by anti-PD-1. As in humans, response of CT26 to anti-PD-1 correlated with increased T- and B-cell infiltration and IFN expression. We show that intratumoral injection of a highly interferogenic TLR9 agonist, SD-101, in anti-PD-1 nonresponders led to a complete, durable rejection of essentially all injected tumors and a majority of uninjected, distant-site tumors. Therapeutic efficacy of the combination was also observed with the TSA mammary adenocarcinoma and MCA38 colon carcinoma tumor models that show little response to PD-1 blockade alone. Intratumoral SD-101 substantially increased leukocyte infiltration and IFN-regulated gene expression, and its activity was dependent on CD8
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.