Trial reportCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2017
Influences of Brain Size, Sex, and Sex Chromosome Complement on the Architecture of Human Cortical Folding.
Trial report in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asymmetry of the sulcal pattern of the anterior cingulate cortex modulates delay discounting.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain structure in triple X syndrome: regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- A self-supervised learning framework for discovering cortical folding patterns under genetic influence: Application to the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Deep Screening for X Chromosome Parent-of-Origin Effects on Neurobehavioral and Neuroanatomical Phenotypes in 47,XXY Klinefelter Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Article
- Intracortical myelin across laminae in adult individuals with 47,XXX: a 7 Tesla MRI study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Cortical gyrification in women and men and the (missing) link to prenatal androgens.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Human intraparietal sulcal morphology relates to individual differences in language and memory performance.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- A bipolar taxonomy of adult human brain sulcal morphology related to timing of fetal sulcation and trans-sulcal gene expression gradients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Development of cortical folds in the human brain: An attempt to review biological hypotheses, early neuroimaging investigations and functional correlates.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2023Review
- Resting-state functional connectivity in adults with 47,XXX: a 7 Tesla MRI study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- New developments and future trajectories in supernumerary sex chromosome abnormalities: a summary of the 2022 3rd International Workshop on Klinefelter Syndrome, Trisomy X, and XYY.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
- Clinical, Cognitive and Neurodevelopmental Profile in Tetrasomies and Pentasomies: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Longitudinal Allometry of Sulcal Morphology in Health and Schizophrenia.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Altered subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX: a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Article
- Translating the Transcriptome: Sex Differences in the Mechanisms of Depression and Stress, Revisited.Biological psychiatry · 2022Review
- Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on White Matter Structure in the Human Brain.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2021Article
- Neuroanatomical norms in the UK Biobank: The impact of allometric scaling, sex, and age.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gyrification is a fundamental property of the human cortex that is increasingly studied by basic and clinical neuroscience. However, it remains unclear if and how the global architecture of cortical folding varies with 3 interwoven sources of anatomical variation: brain size, sex, and sex chromosome dosage (SCD). Here, for 375 individuals spanning 7 karyotype groups (XX, XY, XXX, XYY, XXY, XXYY, XXXXY), we use structural neuroimaging to measure a global sulcation index (SI, total sulcal/cortical hull area) and both determinants of sulcal area: total sulcal length and mean sulcal depth. We detail large and patterned effects of sex and SCD across all folding metrics, but show that these effects are in fact largely consistent with the normative scaling of cortical folding in health: larger human brains have disproportionately high SI due to a relative expansion of sulcal area versus hull area, which arises because disproportionate sulcal lengthening overcomes a lack of proportionate sulcal deepening. Accounting for these normative allometries reveals 1) brain size-independent sulcal lengthening in males versus females, and 2) insensitivity of overall folding architecture to SCD. Our methodology and findings provide a novel context for future studies of human cortical folding in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.