ArticleBritish journal of anaesthesia2016
Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.
Article in British journal of anaesthesia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 237 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nigerian Surgical Outcomes Study. A Nigerian, Multi-centre Seven-day Evaluation of Patient Care and Clinical Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Surgery
Validation of Postoperative Mortality Prediction for Elective Major Surgical Operation With Existing Risk Calculators Based on Preoperative Parameters
Association of PeriOPerative Aspirin-ResisTance and CardioVascular Outcome
PACU or ICU for Postoperative Care After Major Thoracic and Abdominal Surgery：a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
The African Critical Illness Outcomes Study
Who cites it
237 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to reduce postoperative mortality in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review.The British journal of surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of preoperative recombinant Interleukin 2-based immunomodulation on outcome after gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Relative efficacy of prehabilitation interventions and their components: systematic review with network and component network meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- Nurses' knowledge and its determinants in surgical site infection prevention: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Intraoperative haemodynamic monitoring and management of adults having non-cardiac surgery: Guidelines of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in collaboration with the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Guideline
- Role of vitamin D supplementation in modifying outcomes after surgery: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic evaluation of machine learning models for postoperative surgical site infection prediction.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Preoperative High-Intensity Interval Training With Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Postoperative Outcomes Among Adults Undergoing Major Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective colorectal surgery.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- External validation of a surgical mortality risk prediction model for inpatient noncardiac surgery in an Australian private health insurance dataset.ANZ journal of surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy during general anaesthesia for noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of anaesthesia · 2022Pooled it
- Pulmonary Function Tests for the Prediction of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2022Pooled it
- Delayed Admission to the Intensive Care Unit and Mortality of Critically Ill Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2022Pooled it
- The comparative and added prognostic value of biomarkers to the Revised Cardiac Risk Index for preoperative prediction of major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality in patients who undergo noncardiac surgery.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Use of Head-Worn Displays for Vital Sign Monitoring in Critical and Acute Care: Systematic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Pooled it
- Prehabilitation before major intra-abdominal cancer surgery: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2019Pooled it
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Post-operative Complications Following Major Gastrointestinal Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2019Pooled it
- High-Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Thoracic cancer · 2026Trial
- Effect of lateral versus supine positioning on hypoxaemia in sedated adults: multicentre randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
177 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care.
methodsWe designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries.
resultsA total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries.
conclusionsPoor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN51817007
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.