ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2017
Unassisted Quitting and Smoking Cessation Methods Used in the United States: Analyses of 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey Data.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Use of Mobile Technologies for Smoking Cessation Among Smokers and Former Smokers: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Proactive Referral to Behavioral Smoking Cessation Programs by Healthcare Staff: A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes and health outcomes: umbrella and systematic review of the global evidence.The Medical journal of Australia · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to induce attempts to quit tobacco among adults not ready to quit.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of Interactivity, Tailoring, and Use Intensity on the Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention Over a 12-Month Period: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Effect of a mindfulness training app on a cigarette quit attempt: an investigator-blinded, 58-county randomized controlled trial.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2023Trial
- History and Correlates of Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among Individuals With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- History and Correlates of Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Switching to alternative tobacco products during unsuccessful smoking quit attempts is not linked to improved quit intention or interest.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Interactions Between e-Cigarette Use and Quit Intentions on Cigarette Smoking in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Other Non-Heterosexual or Cisgender Individuals.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Social Networks and Their Influence on the Choice of Unassisted Smoking Cessation: Cross-Sectional Study in Six Cities in China.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Trends in the Use of Vaping Products and Other Smoking Cessation Methods Among Adults Who Attempt to Stop Smoking: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2016-2020).Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Symptom Burden: Baseline Results From Nine ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Clinical Trials.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2025Article
- E-Cigarette Use and Use of Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Methods Among American Indian Cigarette Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Understanding cancer patients' desire to quit tobacco without assistance: A mixed-methods study.Journal of health psychology · 2024Article
- Introducing Quin: The Design and Development of a Prototype Chatbot to Support Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- The Natural Trajectory of Smoking Cessation Among Cancer Patients Who Want to Quit "On Their Own": A Mixed-Methods, Longitudinal Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Barriers to smoking interventions in community healthcare settings: a scoping review.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Is unassisted smoking cessation choice and success associated with high mental stress? Evidence from six cities in China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Use of the Therapy App Prescinde for Increasing Adherence to Smoking Cessation Treatment.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe study estimated the prevalence of unassisted quitting (ie, quitting without pharmacological aids or other interventions) among former smokers and identified the most common smoking cessation methods used by U.S. adult smokers who quit smoking between 2007 and 2011. Among long-term quitters, smoking-related behaviors and factors associated with using pharmacological methods and quitting unassisted were examined.
methodsThe analytic sample consisted solely of former smokers, including 3,583 "long-term quitters" (those who quit 1 to 3 years prior to the survey) and 2,205 "recent quitters" (those who quit within a year prior to the survey), who responded to the 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey.
resultsAbout 72% of former smokers quit unassisted, 26% used at least one pharmacological method, and 7% used at least one nonpharmacological method. The most common pharmacological methods were the nicotine patch (12%), Chantix/Varenicline (11%), and a nicotine gum/lozenge (8%). For long-term quitters, cutting back on cigarettes gradually and relying on social support were more commonly associated with pharmacological methods. Among long-term quitters, younger adults (18 to 44 years old), Non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, those who were less nicotine dependent prior to quitting and those who did not visit a doctor in the past 12 months before quitting had higher odds of reporting unassisted quitting than quitting with pharmacological methods.
conclusionsUnassisted quitting remains the predominant means of recent and long-term smoking cessation in the United States. Attempters may try different ways of quitting during the same quit attempt. IMPLICATIONS: Unassisted quitting remains a much more common method for recent and long-term smoking cessation than use of pharmacological or nonpharmacological methods. Smokers may try different ways of quitting during the same quit attempt. Thus, population-based studies that investigate the use of particular methods while ignoring other ways of quitting may overestimate the benefits of certain methods for smoking cessation.
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