ArticleGut2018
IL-6 and PD-L1 antibody blockade combination therapy reduces tumour progression in murine models of pancreatic cancer.
Article in Gut, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 346 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
346 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 529 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Systemic inflammatory syndromes as life-threatening side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: case report and systematic review of the literature.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Randomized Phase II Study of Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine With or Without Tocilizumab as First-Line Treatment in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Survival and Cachexia.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- IL-6/IL-6R-Mediated Mechanisms in Lung Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Potential Therapeutic Targets.Immunology · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy-Induced Side Effects: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatments.MedComm · 2026Review
- The dual immune landscape of homologous recombination-deficient tumors: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Secreted protein circuits in the gastrointestinal tumour microenvironment: determinants of immunotherapy response and resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Adaptive resistance in cancer immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Next-generation of mesothelin-targeted CAR-T cells secreting anti-PD-L1 scFv for potent immunotherapy against 3D patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab for neoplastic fever in patients with advanced solid tumors: a multicenter retrospective study.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Ventromedial hypothalamus IL-6 signaling mediates the excessive aggressive behavior induced by late-gestational sleep deprivation in male mice.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Cytokines and cancer-associated fibroblasts.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Alprazolam Reduces Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- High-Dimensional Protein Analysis Uncovers Distinct Immunologic and Stromal Features in Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Oxygen-carrying nanovaccine potentiates cancer immunotherapy for heterogeneous solid tumors.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- IL‑6: A key player in the EGFR‑TKI‑resistant tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic implications (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- DeCAF defines clinical fibroblast subtypes and multidimensional tumor-stroma crosstalk shaping prognosis and immunotherapy response.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Rewiring tumor cytokine networks to enhance immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, engineering, and clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
286 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLimited efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has prompted investigation into combination therapy. We hypothesised that interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockade would modulate immunological features of PDAC and enhance the efficacy of anti-programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
designTranscription profiles and IL-6 secretion from primary patient-derived pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were analyzed via Nanostring and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In vivo efficacy and mechanistic studies were conducted with antibodies (Abs) targeting IL-6, PD-L1, CD4 or CD8 in subcutaneous or orthotopic models using Panc02, MT5 or KPC-luc cell lines; and the aggressive, genetically engineered PDAC model (Kras
resultsPSCs (n=12) demonstrated prominent IL-6 expression, which was localised to stroma of tumours. Combined IL-6 and PD-L1 blockade elicited efficacy in mice bearing subcutaneous MT5 (p<0.02) and Panc02 tumours (p=0.046), which was accompanied by increased intratumoural effector T lymphocytes (CD62L
conclusionsThese preclinical results indicate that targeted inhibition of IL-6 may enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 in PDAC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.