ReviewRespirology (Carlton, Vic.)2017
Pathogenesis of central and complex sleep apnoea.
Review in Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of acetazolamide on control of breathing in sleep apnea patients: Mechanistic insights using meta-analyses and physiological model simulations.Physiological reports · 2021Pooled it
- Acetazolamide for OSA and Central Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Chest · 2020Pooled it
- Nasopharyngeal tube effects on alleviating sleep hypoxemia during the first night following velopharyngeal surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Trial
- Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation improves central sleep apnea, sleep quality, and quality of life regardless of prior positive airway pressure treatment.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Trial
- Adaptive Servoventilation as Treatment for Central Sleep Apnea Due to High-Altitude Periodic Breathing in Nonacclimatized Healthy Individuals.High altitude medicine & biology · 2018Trial
- Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea.Medical gas research · 2027Review
- Amyloid beta plaque pathology induces chemosensory deficits and increases apnoeas in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Time-structured detection of pre-event cardiovascular instability using CPAP-derived Cheyne-Stokes breathing.European heart journal. Digital health · 2026Article
- TMD and Bruxism as Expressions of Central Regulatory State: The Functional Occlusion Regulated Model (FORM).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apneas and Cardiovascular Diseases.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Emergence of central sleep apnea at high altitude in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in loop gain measured via superimposed end-expiratory breath holds and inspired steady-state hypoxia.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Unraveling sleep apnea dynamics: quantifying loop gain using dynamical modeling of ventilatory control.Sleep · 2026Article
- Article
- Opioids and Respiratory Related Consequences.Sleep medicine clinics · 2025Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in women: gender in sleep respiratory medicine is a first step towards personalized medicine.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Review
- The Link Between Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment Options-A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Positive association between Cheyne-Stokes respiration events and diastolic dysfunction in pre-heart failure: a cross-sectional study with longitudinal implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Central sleep apnoea (CSA) - the temporary absence or diminution of ventilatory effort during sleep - is seen in a variety of forms including periodic breathing in infancy and healthy adults at altitude and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure. In most circumstances, the cyclic absence of effort is paradoxically a consequence of hypersensitive ventilatory chemoreflex responses to oppose changes in airflow, that is elevated loop gain, leading to overshoot/undershoot ventilatory oscillations. Considerable evidence illustrates overlap between CSA and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), including elevated loop gain in patients with OSA and the presence of pharyngeal narrowing during central apnoeas. Indeed, treatment of OSA, whether via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), tracheostomy or oral appliances, can reveal CSA, an occurrence referred to as complex sleep apnoea. Factors influencing loop gain include increased chemosensitivity (increased controller gain), reduced damping of blood gas levels (increased plant gain) and increased lung to chemoreceptor circulatory delay. Sleep-wake transitions and pharyngeal dilator muscle responses effectively raise the controller gain and therefore also contribute to total loop gain and overall instability. In some circumstances, for example apnoea of infancy and central congenital hypoventilation syndrome, central apnoeas are the consequence of ventilatory depression and defective ventilatory responses, that is low loop gain. The efficacy of available treatments for CSA can be explained in terms of their effects on loop gain, for example CPAP improves lung volume (plant gain), stimulants reduce the alveolar-inspired PCO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.