ArticleBirth (Berkeley, Calif.)2016
The Effect of Perineal Lacerations on Pelvic Floor Function and Anatomy at 6 Months Postpartum in a Prospective Cohort of Nulliparous Women.
Article in Birth (Berkeley, Calif.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03983343 (Skin Glues Compared to Running Sutures for Perineal Skin Repair After Vaginal Delivery. A Randomized Controlled Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Skin Glues Compared to Running Sutures for Perineal Skin Repair After Vaginal Delivery. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of non-invasive modalities used to identify women with anal incontinence symptoms after childbirth.International urogynecology journal · 2019Pooled it
- Incidence of perineal pain and dyspareunia following spontaneous vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of Perineal Massage and Warm Compresses Technique in Postpartum Perineal Pain. A Secondary Analysis from a Randomised Controlled Trial.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Trial
- First and Second Stage Risk Factors Associated with Perineal Lacerations.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Trial
- Continuous versus discontinuous suture in perineal injuries produced during delivery in primiparous women: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2019Trial
- Postpartum Sexual Function in Women with Intrapartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Trauma.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Effect of doula support during labor on perineal and anal sphincter injury in primiparous women.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Risk factor analysis and predictive model for the alleviation of postpartum stress urinary incontinence: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the postpartum sexual life quality scale.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The severity of second-degree perineal tears and dyspareunia during one year postpartum: A prospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Observational
- Improving apgar scores and reducing perineal injuries through midwife-led quality improvements: an observational study in Uganda.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Prevalence of vaginal laxity in primiparous women six months after birth.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Article
- Racial/Ethnic Impact on Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: A Multicentric Retrospective Study.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- The Impact of Pelvic Floor Muscle Strengthening on the Functional State of Women Who Have Experienced OASIS After Childbirth.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Sexual health after childbirth in Dutch women: prevalence, associated factors and perceived need for information: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Pelvic floor symptoms according to the severity of second-degree perineal tears within 12 months post-partum: A longitudinal prospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- The pelvic floor during pregnancy and delivery: Can pelvic floor trauma and disorders be prevented?Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Childbirth Acquired Perineal Trauma study (CHAPTER): a UK prospective cohort study protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Does transperineal ultrasound predict the risk of perineal trauma in women with term pregnancy? A prospective observational study.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the effect of perineal lacerations on pelvic floor outcomes, including urinary and anal incontinence, sexual function, and perineal pain in a nulliparous cohort with low incidence of episiotomy.
methodsNulliparous women were prospectively recruited from a midwifery practice. Pelvic floor symptoms were assessed with validated questionnaires, physical examination, and objective measures in pregnancy and 6 months postpartum. Two trauma groups were compared, those with an intact perineum or only 1st degree lacerations and those with second-, third-, or fourth-degree lacerations.
resultsFour hundred and forty-eight women had vaginal deliveries. One hundred and fifty-one sustained second-degree or deeper perineal trauma and 297 had an intact perineum or minor trauma. Three hundred and thirty-six (74.8%) presented for 6-month follow-up. Perineal trauma was not associated with urinary or fecal incontinence, decreased sexual activity, perineal pain, or pelvic organ prolapse. Women with trauma had similar rates of sexual activity; however, they had slightly lower sexual function scores (27.3 vs 29.1). Objective measures of pelvic floor strength, rectal tone, urinary incontinence, and perineal anatomy were equivalent. The subgroup of women with deeper (> 2 centimeter) perineal trauma demonstrated increased likelihood of perineal pain (15.5% vs 6.2%) and weaker pelvic floor muscle strength (61.0% vs 44.3%) compared with women with more superficial trauma.
conclusionWomen having second-degree lacerations are not at increased risk for pelvic floor dysfunction other than increased pain, and slightly lower sexual function scores at 6 months postpartum.
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Registered trials
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