ArticleJournal of community health2017
Smokeless Tobacco Decision-Making Among Rural Adolescent Males in California.
Article in Journal of community health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the perceived socio-cultural factors in the initiation of smokeless tobacco among adolescents: a qualitative systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Potential for non-combustible nicotine products to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a systematic review and synthesis of best available evidence.BMC public health · 2019Pooled it
- Familial Influences on Adolescent E-Cigarette and Cannabis Use: A Qualitative Analysis.Journal of child & adolescent substance use · 2026Article
- Understanding smokeless tobacco use in rural United States: A narrative synthesis of contributing factors and prevention efforts.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Adolescent Perspectives on Their E-Cigarette Initiation Experiences.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2025Article
- Geographical location, cigarette risk perceptions, and current smoking among older US adults.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- 'No-Barriers' tobacco product? Selling smokeless tobacco to women, people of colour and the LGBTQ+ community in the USA.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Flavors increase adolescents' willingness to try nicotine and cannabis vape products.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Socioecological Predictors of Change in Adolescent Tobacco Use Across Waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- The Impact of Social Media Use and Gaming on Initiation of Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Rural Male Youth.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Cumulative disadvantage as a framework for understanding rural tobacco use disparities.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Review
- A qualitative study to assess perceptions, barriers, and motivators supporting smokeless tobacco cessation in the US fire service.PloS one · 2021Article
- Shared and unique risk factors for tobacco use among rural versus urban adolescents.Preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- Retail Tobacco Marketing in Rural Versus Nonrural Counties: Product Availability, Discounts, and Prices.Health promotion practice · 2020Article
- Selling tobacco: A comprehensive analysis of the U.S. tobacco advertising landscape.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Disparities in Rural Tobacco Use, Smoke-Free Policies, and Tobacco Taxes.Western journal of nursing research · 2019Review
- Predictors of Smokeless Tobacco Susceptibility, Initiation, and Progression Over Time Among Adolescents in a Rural Cohort.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
- Personalized periodontal treatment for the tobacco- and alcohol-using patient.Periodontology 2000 · 2018Review
- Health Care Utilization and Expenditures Attributable to Smokeless Tobacco Use Among US Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (ST) use among US high school males living in rural areas exceeds national levels. Subgroups at heightened risk of ST use have been identified, but less is known regarding ST decision-making within high-risk groups. The study objective was to describe rural adolescent males' perceived ST acceptability, health risks, and social implications and how those perceptions differ between ST users and never-users. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 55 male students (32 ST ever-users) at three rural California high schools. Interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Investigators collaboratively developed a codebook based on thematic content and then independently coded transcripts, reconvening frequently to achieve consensus. Coded text was systematically organized into themes following a general inductive approach. ST users and non-users shared multiple ST-related perceptions, including: that ST is a common, normative way of life in rural "country" culture among certain groups; that ST use conveys oral health risks; and that the decision to use (or not to use) is rooted in personal choice. ST users' and never-users' perceptions differed regarding the immediacy, severity, and inevitability of health risks, particularly relative to cigarette smoking. Other differences included perceived parental permissiveness and the expected social benefits of ST use, such as peer acceptance and conveying maturity. Within this population of rural male adolescents, ST users emphasized the social benefits of ST use, while acknowledging but discounting health risks. Differences and similarities in tobacco perceptions among adolescents living in similar environments may inform effective health communication.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.