ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2017
Testing Reciprocal Links Between Trouble Getting to Sleep and Internalizing Behavior Problems, and Bedtime Resistance and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Toddlers.
Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A 25-Year Review of Nighttime Fears in Children: Past, Present, and Future.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Emotional Health of Children Under 6 Years in Washington, DC.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Childhood sleep: physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences and implications.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Review
- Are physical activity and sleep associated with emotional self-regulation in toddlers? a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Relation between Family Socio-Economic Status and Problem Behaviors in Chinese Children: The Roles of Sense of Coherence and Maternal Warmth.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Early childhood sleep problems predict increased risk for the later development of suicidal thoughts.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2023Article
- The bidirectional relationship between sleep and externalizing behavior: A systematic review.Sleep epidemiology · 2022Article
- A Systematic Review on Attachment and Sleep at Preschool Age.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Establishing Early Literacy Habits in a Profit-Driven Digital World.Pediatrics · 2021Article
- Understanding the Relationship Between Sleep Problems in Early Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Narrative Review.Nature and science of sleep · 2021Review
- Parent-reported early sleep problems and internalising, externalising and dysregulation symptoms in toddlers.BMJ paediatrics open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sleep problems are associated with problematic adjustment in toddlers, but less is known regarding the direction of association between specific sleep problems and adjustment. To address this gap, we used data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1001) to examine reciprocal associations between sleep problems and behavior problems from 24- to 36-months. Results from cross-lagged path models suggested specificity of associations between type of sleep problem and behavior problem. Specifically, there were reciprocal associations between trouble getting to sleep and internalizing problems, and unidirectional links between externalizing problems and bedtime resistance from 24- to 36-months. Internalizing and externalizing problems at 24 months, however, predicted increases in bedtime resistance from 24- to 36-months for boys, but not girls. Findings highlight specific relations between sleep problems and internalizing and externalizing problems during toddlerhood, and the importance of examining sex differences.
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